Observational Techniques in Psychology - 946 Words

Observational techniques Observational studies are investigations where the researcher observes a situation and records what happens but does not manipulate an independent variable. Observational studies therefore tend to be high in ecological validity as there is no intervention and if the observer remains undetected the method avoids problems with demand characteristics. There are a number of different types of observational studies including naturalistic and controlled observations, non-participant and participant observations, structured and unstructured observations. Naturalistic observation is a research method commonly used by psychologists and other social scientists. This technique involves observing subjects in their†¦show more content†¦carries on working? Whilst at the same time? Listens to music? Behavioural categories should be mutually exclusive (not overlapping) but in reality this is often difficult to do with a checklist. [pic] Advantages of using a coding scheme are that they are fairly simple to carry out and that they provide quantitative data which can be analysed statistically. However observation using coding schemes has a main weakness. It gives a very restricted view of what is actually happening. The researcher may miss important behaviour and the data is not as in-depth as simply observing behaviour which is occurring. An unstructured observation involves the researchers recording the behaviour they can see. This can be difficult without the use of recording equipment (such as a video camera), can be difficult to analyse but does provide rich qualitative data. Furthermore with unstructured observations there is a tendency for observers to record the most eye-catching or noticeable behaviours which might not be the most relevant or important behaviours to record. A controlled observation occurs when the researchers control some variables. These observations may be carried out in laboratory situations or natural situations. Sampling observational data Sometimes observations are made continuously where the observers record everything that happens in detail, perhaps with a video camera. Sometimes researchers use a samplingShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Observation Of Psychological Research1508 Words   |  7 PagesOption B Discuss the role of observation in psychological research, drawing from examples from chapters 3, 6 and 8 of Investigating Psychology In order to evaluate the usefulness of observational studies in psychological research this assignment will first briefly explain the role of observation. It will proceed by drawing from an example of observational studies conducted by Bandura et al (1963) as cited in Oates (2014), in order to illuminate the value of observation. Additionally it willRead MoreImplementing Observational Learning 844 Words   |  4 PagesThe following essay provides the reader with a cursory understanding of observational learning and how it may be implemented within the classroom. The paper first explores a workable definition of observational learning primarily through the concept of modeling and vicarious learning. The second part discusses the roles of the teacher and environment. The paper then discusses how observational learning may be used to teach positive attitudes and effective thinking skills, also achieved through vicariousRead MoreThis Essay Will Evaluate The Use Of Observation As A Me thod1388 Words   |  6 Pagesof observation as a method of study within psychology. Initially, the essay will discuss the two traditional methods of investigation which are experimentation and observation, before undertaking a deeper examination of the observational method itself. It will then consider where the use of the observational method has proven successful, with supporting evidence of research in which it played a key role. In closing, the limitations of the observational method in psychological research will be consideredRead MoreEssay on Behaviorism: Modern Applications1240 Words   |  5 PagesTolman, and John B. Watson. These men opposed the study of consciousness believing that psychology should instead focus on only what could be seen, heard, or touched. The result was a science of behavior that viewed human beings as machines (Schultz Schultz, 2008). This paper offers a discussion of the evolution of behaviorism, the contributions of Albert Bandura, and the impac t of behaviorism on modern psychology and life in the 21st century. The major schools of thought which preceded behaviorismRead MoreThe Purpose Of This Essay Is To Evaluate The Use Of Observation1485 Words   |  6 Pagesuse of observation as a method of study within psychology. In order to undertake this evaluation the essay will initially discuss two traditional methods of investigation which are experimentation and observation. Furthermore, it will highlight differences between the two methods. In the second part of the essay, a deeper examination of the observational method itself will be undertaken. Here, examples of research in which the use of the observational method has proven successful will be consideredRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1340 Words   |  6 Pages Bandura’s theory is based on how people can learn by observing others, how internal mental states influence people, and how learning something does not change one’s behavior every time. Bandura was able to find out that people learn by three observat ional models. The first model is the live model which includes observing how someone demonstrates the behavior, the verbal instruction model which learning occurs through auditory directions, and the symbolic model where modeling occurs through mediaRead MoreOrganizational Psychology Paper Psy 428924 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Psychology Paper Shanna Brookins PSY/428 12/12/2011 Organizational Psychology Paper Introduction Organizational psychology is the study of a formal organization and how individuals and groups act within that organization; in other words, the scientific study of the workplace. The goal of organizational psychology is to help organizations function the best way possible. This is achieved by helping people understand their interactions with each other and create an environmentRead MoreCareer Goals : My Career Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesAs a student of psychology, my career assessments test showed me many options for my career goal path. For starters, my career interest profile results are broken into six main categories which are: social, artistic, investigative, enterprising, realistic, and conventional. According to my results, my career matches are as followed: preschool, primary, secondary, and special education teacher. I am 28% social, 22% artistic, 17% investigative, 11% enterprising, 10% realistic, and 9% realistic. AccordingRead MoreThe Social Of Social Cognitive Th eory1591 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: The Social Cognitive Theory is perhaps the most comprehensive and complex learning theories in the field of psychology. The theory attempts to explain how our social environment has a great influence on our behaviors and actions. Albert Bandura is the most notable psychologist of the Social Cognitive Theory. He has conducted intense research and experiments for over 50 years and continually strives to improve the strengths and correct the limitations of the theory. The Social CognitiveRead MoreBehaviorism Views On Human Behavior1030 Words   |  5 Pagesone of the most colorful personalities in thehistory of psychology. Although he did not invent behaviorism, he became widelyknown as its chief spokesman and protagonist. Watson was brought up in the prevalent tradition: Mechanism explains behavior. In a widely used textbook (Watson, 1914) he said that the study ofthe mind is the province of philosophy; it is the realm of speculation andendless word games. The mind has no place in psychology. A science ofpsychology must be based on objective phenomena

Essay on Araby and Cask of Amontillado a Comparison

â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†: A Comparison I found the stories â€Å"Araby,† by James Joyce and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† by Edgar Allan Poe to have a similar idea behind them. They both seem to be stories involving someone manipulating the actions of another person. I will be talking about and comparing the different elements of each story and their relevance. Both stories take place in different countries. In â€Å"Araby† the story is about a boy from Ireland. The country itself doesn’t have too much importance. The story would be almost the same if the boy was from America. When the main character visits the bazaar is when the setting matters. In this case the setting in not the physical place, but what it represents. The items†¦show more content†¦I believe all of this symbolizes death. Catacombs are where people are put to rest; it’s already full of death. I think he uses vault to symbolize something that is locked away. A vault is not only something in a bank where you store things, but also can be a place of death. One definition of vault is a tomb or burial chamber. The other symbolism I found is Fortunato’s outfit. Fortunato was wearing motley, which is a multicolored dress. He was also wearing a conical cap with bells on it. This is the traditional look of a court Jester in medieval times, als o known as a fool. I believe Poe uses this to show us that Fortunato was fooled. At the end of the story he starts laughing and believes it all to be a joke. The tones of each work are different. Joyce’s story is dealing with love. It has a feeling of urgency. The boy cannot wait for his uncle to come home to give him some money. All of his thoughts are about the girl. This story is written in the first person narrative. It has a feel of someone recalling something that has happened a while ago. â€Å"The Cask†¦Ã¢â‚¬  was also written in the first person narrative. I believe the overall tone is dark and ominous. You know from the beginning that the protagonist seeks revenge. There are a couple of ironies in this story. The main character toasts to Fortunato’s long life. This can either be taken as sarcasm, as the main character will soon doom him to his death; or he does indeed want him to live long and suffer the fate that heShow MoreRelatedANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pageswith himself – or about where the major crisis, or turning point of the narrative actually occurs. No r is there any special reason that the crisis should occur at or near the middle of the plot. It can, in fact, occur at any moment. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and in a number of the other companion stories in â€Å"Dubliners† the crisis – in the form of a sudden illumination that Joyce called an epiphany – occurs at the very end of the story, and the falling action and the resolution are dispensed with altogether

Human Growth and Lifespan Development

Question: Discuss about theHuman Growth and Lifespan Development. Answer: Theory of Multiple Intelligence The theory of multiple intelligences proposes that a person has eight or more relatively autonomous intelligences. According to Gardner, intelligence is not dominated by a single general ability but rather different specific modalities (Gardner, 1983). People do draw on these intelligences on both individual and corporate levels in creating materials and also solving problems which are relevant to their situations. (Gardner, 2006: Gardner, 2007). The eight intelligences identified by Gardner were interpersonal, intrapersonal, linguistic, spatial, logical-mathematical, naturalistic, musical and bodily-kinaesthetic (Slavin, 2009: Gardner, 199). According to Gardner, these intelligences have to meet a certain criterion before making it to the list. As outlined by Gilman, (2001) and Katie Davis, Christodoulou, Seider, and Gardner, (2011), the intelligence had to fulfil this criteria: should have a distinct developmental progression, had a place in evolutionary history, could be supported by experimental psychology, could be seen in relative isolation in savants, prodigies and other exceptional individuals, had the potential for brain isolation by brain damage, could be encoded, should exhibit a distinct neural representation, and could demonstrate core operations. Despite detailing out the differences between the intelligences, Gardner opposes the idea that learners should not be labelled to a particular intelligence. He suggests that the theory ought to empower them and not confine them to a single form of education (McKenzie, 2005). Gardner further claims that only logical-mathematical and linguistic intelligences are held as of value and hence tested in current education systems. The multiple intelligence theory conceives intelligence as a multiple and not unitary in nature, hence outlining a different perspective of intelligence, different from those outlined in the 1900s, studied in detail by Piaget and other notable psychologist, and which are also measured in current times using IQ tests (Katie Davis et al., 2011). Some scholars have asserted that intelligence is influenced by environmental factors and for others, it is an inborn trait hence individuals have little capacity to change it. On the other hand, Howard conceives that intelligence results from a combinational of heritable potential and skills which undergo development in different ways as influenced by experiences (Gardner, 1983). This can be illustrated by an example whereby an individual could be born with outstanding intellectual potential in the musical-rhythmic sphere which enables him to quickly learn the elaborate steps of playing a musical instrument such as a piano on a much easier scale. Whereas, for the second individual, to attain such expertise, he has to study and practice for a much longer duration. Both individuals have the potential of exemplary performance in playing the piano, which is a sphere that draws on their musical-rhythmic intelligence, the paths are taken by either to make it to good performers differs both qualitatively (the process), and also quantitatively (speed). Educational pedagogies are tapping into multiple intelligence as a way of understanding the specific abilities and uniqueness of every person. As such, this draws on the idea that in the process of growth and development, each person is capable, and also has a purpose. Comparing the Theory of Multiple Intelligence with other Concepts of Intelligence in Middle and Late Childhood Different form Howard Gardners definition of intelligence as a multiple and not unitary in nature,Robert Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence state that intelligence is defined in an individual's capability of succeeding in life based on his/her individual values and within a particular sociocultural context (Sternberg, 1987). According to Sternberg, an individuals ability to be successful depends on his or her ability to capitalise on his or her strengths, whereas compensating for his or her weakness. The theory proposes that success is as a result of balancing analytical, creative and practical abilities. For a start, this differs from the multiple intelligences theory which posits that an individual can attain success in whatever sphere as it all depends on the level of efforts put into refining a particular trait. Contrary to Gardners eight components of intelligence, the triarchic theory proposes only three aspects. They include analytical intelligence, creative intelligence and practical intelligence (Sternberg, 1988). Analytical intelligence is involved with an individuals ability perform an analysis, conduct an evaluation, judge, or conduct a comparison and contrast. Creative intelligence is applied in creating, designing, inventing, originating and imagining. Whereas, practical intelligence entail those components applied when an individual implements, and puts ideas into practice (Haghighi, Zemestani, Samavi, 2013). Multiple intelligences theory offers a better way of understanding intelligence in human beings. The theory tends to address vital elements of intelligence not captured by other theories such as triarchic theory and emotional intelligence. It emphasises on the domains and not just the process as outlined in triarchic theory, and it also does not view emotions as a distinct intelligence. Implications of the Intelligences on my Personal Life Naturalistic intelligence has influenced my roles in functions relating to the natural world, such as being a chef or even a botanist. Further. This form of intelligence is applicable when discriminating products as a consumer. Enhancing my logical-mathematical intelligence has improved my ability to solve arithmetic problems, logic puzzles, strategy games and experiments. Likewise interpersonal intelligence and intrapersonal intelligence are applicable in my leadership roles. To be a fair dancer, I had to refine body-kinaesthetic intelligence. On the other hand, the sphere of linguistic intelligence has enabled my ability to appoint complex meanings and also express them using language. Lastly, refining spatial intelligence skills have enhanced my ability to draw and paint through the enhancement of the dynamic imagination, image manipulation and spatial reasoning capacities. Parenting Styles According to Diana Baumrind The four parenting styles identified by Diana are based on two aspects of parenting; warmth and control. Warmth is the measure to which parents accept and respond to the childrens behaviours. control, on the other hand, control is the degree to which parents manage the childrens behaviours. Combining these two aspects results into four parenting styles. The styles are authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and involved (Baumrind, 1971). Authoritative parents are warm but firm. They encourage a sense of independence in their children, while at the same time controlling their actions and maintaining limits. Under authoritative parenting, parents do engage their children in discussions and debates, but the ultimate responsibility lies with the parents. Authoritative parents direct the activities of a rationally and in a manner thats issue-oriented. They do encourage verbal give and take, explains to their children the reasoning that accompanies the policies, and asks the childrens objections when they do not conform. The authoritative parent exerts firm control at points where he or she diverges with the child but also recognises a child's particular interests and ways (Kopko, 2007). Children raised under this style are bound to be autonomous, more responsible and socially competent. Under authoritarian parenting, parents are more controlling and display little warmth. Such parents are strict disciplinarians, and uses restrictive, punitive styles, and insists that the children follow their directions. No discussions are held between the parent and the children and family rules and standards are not debatable. The belief held by authoritarian parents is that children ought to accept, without question, the rules and practices that the parent establishes (Kopko, 2007: Baumrind, 1971). The main instrument for child discipline is threats and punishment. The parents attempts to shape, control and evaluate the childrens behaviours and attitudes according to an established set standard of conduct may lead to either rebellious or dependent children. Permissive parents are undemanding and also very warm. Parents are indulgent and passive, and they have a belief that giving in to the childrens wishes is a way of demonstrating love to them. They do not say no as they wouldnt want to upset their children. The result is that the children do make most of the decisions without the involvement of the parent. Under this style, parents perceive themselves as a resource which children may opt to seek their advice, and not as active participants in shaping the childs actions (Baumrind, 1967). Children brought up under this style often have difficulties in self-control and also exhibits egocentric tendencies. Lastly, uninvolved parents are neither warm nor do they exhibit any demands on the kids. The time in which the parents and children interact is quite is limited, and in other instances, they are uninvolved, with the risk of being neglectful. Such parents are indifferent to the childrens needs, whereabouts or experiences. These parents g ive minimal consideration to the child's input in decisions and often do not want to be bothered by them. As a result, children grow up to exhibit impulsive behaviours which are as a result of having issues with self-regulation. My Parents Parenting Style and its Impact on How Intelligence is Viewed/Valued at Home Brought up under authoritarian parenting style where the parents expectation was that as children we should adhere to a set rules, intelligence also had to be prescribed by the parent. Due to their dominating style and a great deal of control, whatever sphere that parent considered, as a child, that is what I had to develop. However, true to the multiple intelligence theory, there are multiple intelligences at home. So, whatever sphere that parent triggers is bound to nature a given intelligence. So, the parent ends up being right in choosing the capacity of intelligence that the children thrive. In most cases, it's more than one as the parent likewise expect the child to put in both qualitative and quantitative efforts to nature whatever sphere. References Baumrind, D. (1967). Diana Baumrinds (1966) Prototypical Descriptions of 3 Parenting Styles. Psychology, 37(1966), 19671967. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611 Baumrind,D. (1971).Current patterns of parental authority. Richmond, Va.: American Psychological Assn. Gardner,H. (1983).Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books. Gardner,H. (1999).The disciplined mind: What all students should understand. New York: Simon Schuster. Gardner,H. (2006).Multiple intelligences: New horizons. New York: BasicBooks. Gardner,H. (2007).Five minds for the future. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Gilman,L. (2001). Human Intelligence: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20121125220607/www.indiana.edu/~intell/mitheory.shtml Haghighi, S., Zemestani, M., Samavi, S. A. (2013). Study of Emotional Intelligence from Childhood to Middle Age. Journal of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 3(3), 189192. Katie Davis, Christodoulou, J., Seider, S., Gardner, H. (2011). The theory of multiple intelligences. The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence, 2138(617), 485503. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02648057 Kopko, K. (2007). Parenting Styles and Adolescents. Cornell Univesity Cooperative Extension, 18. https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.100.3.731-745 McKenzie,W. (2005).Multiple intelligences and instructional technology. Eugene, Or: International Society for Technology in Education. Slavin,R.E. (2009).Educational psychology: Theory and practice. Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon Publishers. Sternberg,R.J. (1987).Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. Cambridge [u.a.: Univ. Press. Sternberg,R.J. (1988).The triarchic mind: A new theory of human intelligence. New York, N.Y.: Viking.

National Geographic Travelers Magazine analysis

Introduction The National Geographic Travelers is a magazine published by the National Geographic Society that enjoys free shipping in the USA. Usually, a magazine has five functional areas namely the administration, editorial, advertising, production and circulation. This paper analyzes the National Geographic Magazine Traveler business model in light of these five areas of practice.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on National Geographic Travelers Magazine analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Functional areas In administration, the title ownership of the publication is independent even though it is part of a large group of publications by the National Geographic Society. The other related publication and electronic media by the same publisher include the National Geographic Kids, National Geographic Adventure and the National Expedition. The editorial part of this magazine reflects its mission statement which is ‘’to increase and diffuse knowledge while promoting conservation of the world’s cultural, historical and natural resources’’ (National Geographic Society 2). The magazine articles inspire people to care about plants, animals, geographic locations, cultures, science and technology (Loma Linda University 1). With the mandate of increasing and diffusing geographic knowledge, each part of the magazine seeks to accomplish that. The magazine has a very wide circulation and with monthly publications it is able to disseminate this information regularly. Travel and Culture section editors pick different places one can travel and highlight the location. They also provide tips needed when going to particular places and the top things to see. In addition, they give themed travels, for example, fall themed trips as well as cultural themed travel and tours. Photography section brings the places to the reader and it also has a section for photo contests where r eaders subscribe to win prices. This encourages people to travel more and conserve the beauty of the environment so that in many years to come the generations after them will enjoy the same. There are also photography seminars that offer advice on the whole scope of photography and this fulfils part of the mission statement â€Å"to increase knowledge†. Geographical locations featured in the magazine provide new information to the reader and the explorers’ chronicles provide the details needed to entertain and educate. The animals section mainly has features of wild animals and this makes it informative as readers learn how they affect the planet.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is also information on conservation of the endangered species; for example, there is a feature on the Virunga Gorillas that are decreasing rapidly in the DRC Congo forests. With the ongoing war, many have been poached leaving just a few (Waitt Foundation 2). The magazine is sold at a price of $15 for a yearly subscription and $71 for copies at the newsstand. Delivery is within the USA and Canada for C$ 24. However, the online magazine is free and is accessible on the National Geographic website which has over 6 million subscribers. The online version has over 16.5 million visitors per page and 4.2 million video views. The production function of the magazine shows that the paper size is 8†³ x 10  ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and employs a perfect binding method. The cover has a yellow rectangle which runs at the edges of the cover and this serves as the logo for television productions. There are various advertising opportunities in the National Geographic Travelers’ Magazine. The mission of the magazine is to empower the readers by educating, delivering award winning contents by use of state of the art communication equipment in an entertaining format. T he magazine also runs an online website that attracts over 16 million visitors every month. The website offers consumers with various contents including news, photos, documentaries, and maps. The website has several section s that attract different visitors who may want to view the Travel Cultures, Science Space, or the kids sections. The magazine has the following statistics based on viewers (visitors) and pages views. As indicated by Omniture (1); 16.5 Million Global visitors 6.5 Million in the US only 231 Million visits on the website’s pages 11.2 Pages average per individual visit 11.2 Average Minutes per individual visit 4.2 Million global video views Works Cited Loma, Linda University. National Geographic magazine features Adventist Health  Study. California: Lorna Linda University press, 2005. Print. National Geographic Society. National Geographic Travelers magazine. Web. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on National Geographic Travelers Magazine analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Omniture. â€Å"Advertise With Us.† National Geographic Travelers’ Magazine. Web. Waitt Foundation. Exploration and discovery. 2011. Web.11 Oct. 2011. This essay on National Geographic Travelers Magazine analysis was written and submitted by user Brogan Merritt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Joy Luck Club Essays (568 words) - Chinatown, San Francisco

Joy Luck Club In the novel "The Joy Luck Club" by Amy Tan, the ignorance, the disregard of, and the necessity of love are all introduced as the characters tell their life stories and memories. The characters in "The Joy Luck Club" take love for granted. By ignoring love, concentrating more on material possessions, and hiding their true identities, the characters don't realize love's importance. One character that takes love for granted is Harold, Lena St. Clair's husband. This occurs when Lena leans over to him in their car and states "I love you." He responds by asking Lena a question about his car, which seems to be more important to him than his relationship with her. Harold does not realize the importance of love. He only thinks about material possessions. Since Harold does not revealing his true nature, he reveals that he has a lack of love for himself as an individual. The love you have for yourself is a necessity in life because it provides self-respect; if one respects oneself, one will respect and love others. The story of Lindo Jong provides insight into the concept of revealing your true nature. To "keep everything inside" as does Lindo Jong, provides for not being able to experience love to its fullest. Lindo Jong hides "under a red marriage scarf" in attempt to shield herself from the outside world. Her "hiding under the scarf" demonstrates that to be able to love, you must be able to first reveal your true nature. Ying-Ying St. Clair stands as an example of the desire to remain hidden as she says, "All these years I kept my true nature hidden, running along like a small shadow so nobody could catch me." The image of the shadow relates directly to the red marriage scarf. They both attempt to provide the concealment of their true natures, because the result of revealing your true self may be that of "pain". The importance of love goes unnoticed as the characters take love for granted and expect it to naturally come to them. The ceasing of taking love for granted does occur later and has its results and consequences. The characters realize that they are taking love for granted when they feel meaningless and uncomfortable, and stop doing so by either ending the relationship or confronting the problem. By not taking love for granted and realizing "there's absolutely nothing left to save" in her marriage, Rose Hsu Jordan recognizes that she must divorce her husband. Rose Hsu Jordan does not feel comfortable with her life and feels that she is living under false pretences. She comprehends that she is not what she continually pretends to be. Therefore, she stops taking love for granted and ignoring it, and instead moves on to a better, more comfortable life with a feeling of being needed. Lindo Jong compares love to a hill and as to heaven. This hill symbolizes the steps that she must take to truly attain love and enter heaven, her comparison to happiness and a comfortable lifestyle. Love proves hard to attain but Lindo Jong learns to embrace it and accept it as best she can. The "pained feeling" at the "beginning of love" provides insight into the revelation of the true nature of the character. This pained feeling, the lifting of the scarf or the shadow, opens the door to the true nature of the character. This love provides better understanding and a better love of your own character. It makes the people more comfortable with themselves and makes them feel important, needed, and loved. Bibliography Joy Luck Club . Amy Tan. 336 pages. IVY books NY.1989

Secure and Sure

Secure and Sure Secure and Sure Secure and Sure By Mark Nichol Secure and sure, along with a handful of other words originating from those terms, share an etymology. These words are listed and defined in this post. The parent word is the Latin adjective securus, meaning â€Å"free from care or danger.† (The first element, se, means â€Å"free from† and is seen in secret, and the second is a form of cura, which means â€Å"care† and is the source of cure.) Secure is both an adjective meaning â€Å"safe† or â€Å"fixed in position† and a verb meaning â€Å"to make safe or fixed.† The noun form is security, extending in meaning to refer to a financial asset or document. The antonymic forms are insecure and insecurity, which also pertain to self-doubt; secure and security are also used in psychological contexts. Sure, from securus by way of Old French, means â€Å"confident,† â€Å"firm,† or â€Å"reliable† or, informally, is a substitute for certainly or â€Å"don’t mention it† in response to a request or an expression of gratitude; the antonym, in the more formal senses, is unsure. Idioms with sure as a foundation include â€Å"for sure† (â€Å"certainly† or â€Å"without a doubt†) â€Å"sure enough† (â€Å"certainly†), â€Å"sure-footed† (â€Å"confident in movement†), â€Å"sure thing† (â€Å"certainly†), and â€Å"to be sure† (â€Å"admittedly†). â€Å"Sure thing† is also an idiomatic noun phrase pertaining to someone or something that is certain to succeed; the phrase â€Å"sure bet† is synonymous. A surety is a guarantee, and insurance refers to a guarantee of protection or safety. Assurance can also refer to a guarantee (including, in British English, what is referred to in American English as insurance in the sense of a contract guaranteeing protection against loss), but it also pertains to security or to confidence (as well as overconfidence). The noun ensurance is obsolete. Although there is some overlap in the meanings of these words’ verb forms, most writers observe the following distinctions: to assure is to convince, to ensure is to guarantee, and to insure is to make certain or safe. Meanwhile, reassure means â€Å"assure again† or â€Å"restore confidence,† while reinsure means â€Å"insure again†; there is no equivalent prefixed form of ensure. Similarly, one can be (better yet, remain) unassured and can be or remain uninsured, but unensured is rare. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesUse a Dash for Number RangesHonorary vs. Honourary

Comparing between google and yahoo companies Essay

Comparing between google and yahoo companies - Essay Example Furniture and fixtures 861,000 2,000 Leasehold improvements 290,000 3,000 2,671,000 244,000 Less: accumulated depreciation (448,000) (58,000) $2,223,000 $186,000 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities: Accrued vacation, wages, and other employee benefits $894,000 $110,000 Accrued professional service expenses 706,000 48,000 Accrued content costs 554,000 - Other 2,213,000 362,000 $4,367,000 $520,000 Analysis and Results Table 2:Yahoo! Inc: Financial Statement Financial data in U.S. Dollars Values in Millions (Except for per share items) 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Period End Date 12/31/2007 12/31/2006 12/31/2005 12/31/2004 12/31/2003 Period Length 12 Months 12 Months 12 Months 12 Months 12 Months Stmt Source 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K Stmt Source Date 02/27/2008 02/27/2008 02/27/2008 02/23/2007 03/03/2006 Stmt Update Type Updated Reclassified Reclassified Reclassified Reclassified Revenue 6,969.27 6,425.68 5,257.67 3,574.52 1,625.1 Total Revenue 6,969.27 6,425.68 5,257.67 3,574.52 1,625.1 Cost of Revenue, Total 2,838.76 2,675.72 2,096.2 1,342.34 370.09 Gross Profit 4,130.52 3,749.96 3,161.47 2,232.18 1,255.01 Selling/General/Administrative Expenses, Total 2,243.79 1,851.06 1,375.02 1,072.92 709.67 Research & Development 1,084.24 833.15 569.53 368.76 207.29 Depreciation/Amortization 107.08 124.79 109.2 101.92 42.39 Interest Expense (Income), Net Operating 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Unusual Expense (Income) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Operating Expenses, Total 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Operating Income 695.41 940.97 1,107.73 688.58 295.67 Interest Income (Expense), Net Non-Operating 131.27 139.78 1,092.45 475.96 45.98 Gain (Loss) on Sale of Assets 14.24 15.16 337.97 0.0 0.0 Other,... Google generates income by delivering relevant, cost-effective online marketing. Businesses employ Google AdWords program to support their products and services by means of targeted advertising. On top, the thousands of third-party web sites that encompass Google Network use Google AdSense plan to deliver related ads that produce revenue and improve the user experience. (Lawrence, Joehnk, Krueger, 2008) Yahoo Company develops and upholds a branded Internet navigational service specifically along with the most widely used directs for information and finding on the World Wide Web. The corporation was integrated in California on March 5, 1995 and inaugurated operations on that date. The financial tables of google and yahoo are being given in this report. (Lawrence, Joehnk, Krueger, 2008) Yahoo's main purpose is to connect people to their enthusiasms, communities, and the world's knowledge and Google's main purpose is to organize the world's information and construct it across the world accessible and useful. (Bamber, Braun, Harrison, 2008)

CLA L3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CLA L3 - Essay Example It depicts a desperate means of maintaining the status quo and ensuring that the prophecy does not come to pass (Gervais & Henrich, 2010). Rhea, the wife of Cronus, is very appalled. Therefore, she conceals her sixth pregnancy from Cronus and give birth to Zeus in a secretive manner. She then gave up Zeus for safekeeping by Gae, who hides the baby Zeus in Dicte cave and other god attend to Zeus. Gervais and Henrich (2010) posit that the section shows a conspiracy of the gods, Gae and Rhea, which brings a sharp twist to Cronus plan to maintain power. In the power struggle, there must be a collusion by the trusted people around the ruler to orchestrate the ruler’s fall. Surprisingly, Zeus grew into adulthood with a motive to take revenge on his father for the misdeeds. The first plan Zeus does is to set his siblings at Tartarus as well as three Cyclopes together with other three Hekatoncheires. All the prisoners Cronus had imprisoned come out gun blazing to finish him. The Cyclopes then taught Zeus how to maximize his energy and use it in the battle. Eventually, Zeus and his allies lead a war against the Titans that ends with Zeus becoming the ruler of Olympus after imprisoning most of the male Titans. Clearly, Cronus overthrow happens just as predicted. LaMothe (2009) agrees that the other gods play a very important role in wedging war and effecting the eventual fall of Cronus. LaMothe, R. (2009). The Clash of Gods: Changes in a Patients Use of God Representations. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis And Dynamic Psychiatry, 37(1), 73-84.

Hurrican Katrina Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hurrican Katrina - Essay Example As the report declares Bush, Congress, the mayor - each of them are symptoms of a bigger problem, that we don't have accountability for disasters or challenges of this scale. That's all the public wants in trying times - accountability ... Lovin added that it's too convenient to blame one branch of government when they are all, at some level, failing people. This paper stresses that Lovin's sentiments seem liberal and noble on the surface. We do have a human need to assign blame in "trying times," real accountability does seem lacking at multiple levels of our government, and we shouldn't go on a witch hunt to appease public outrage by scapegoating one person or one department of government, when the culpability is much more diffuse. This is certainly a moral sentiment, and an appropriate stance to take in the absence of compelling facts to the contrary. However, facts to the contrary can be found. And the culpability in this matter is not equally shared. The United States government has known for decades that large scale natural disasters necessarily go beyond the response capabilities of state and local authorities. According to the Fort Worth Star Telegram, it is likewise well-known, by our top disaster planning experts, that a quick mobilization of the United States active military is the only adequate response in such disasters.

Nestle Food Processing Company Marketing Essay

Nestle Food Processing Company Marketing Essay Nestlà © Pakistan Limited, the Groups principal activities are to manufacture process and sell food products and ancillary equipment. The food products include diary, confectionery and culinary products, coffee and beverage and drinking water. The major brands include MILKPAK UHT, NESTLE EVERYDAY, LACTOGEN and NESCAFE. It operates in Sheikhupura, Kabariwala, Islamabad and Karachi. The Milkpak Sheikhupura factory had commenced operations in 1981 as a producer of UHT milk. By 1988, it had expanded its operation and was also producing butter, cream, ghee. To target the large potential offered by the tea-creaming segment, Nestlà © everyday tea-creamer was launched in 1992, supported by integrated marketing, focused distribution with sampling drives and excellent consumer acceptance, the brand has shown strong growth and holds great promise for the future. Nestlà © Pakistan is proud of its commitment to excellence in product and safety and quality and providing value and services to its consumers. On the social front it is very responsible when it comes to environmentally sound business practices and corporate social responsibility. Nestlà © Pakistan operates in many ways but people products and brands are the main flag bearers of the companys image. Nestlà © Milkpak Ltd. is the market leader in food and beverage industry. They are producing high quality well known brands. The core raw material of Nestlà © Milkpak is milk. Over the last thirteen years the company prime concern has been to improve the quality and volume of milk for UHT processing and for other milk base products. So the company has twenty-five milk collection centres in Pakistan. Nestlà © Pakistans supply chain makes sure that Nestlà © products are available, no matter wherever in Pakistan. Nestlà © integrate processes from the farm to markets, and ensure products are delivered to consumers at the right time, the right cost and in the right quantities. At the Village Milk Collection Centre the farmers milk is poured into aluminium churns. The agent checks the milks freshness and purity, and enters the quantity into the farmers logbook. He takes it to one of Nestlà ©s 1308 Secondary Reception and Cooling Stations, about 2-4 kilometres away. Along with correct cooling, pasteurization is one of the most important processes in the treatment of milk. Temperature and pasteurization time are very important factors which must be specified precisely in relation to the quality of the milk and its shelf life requirements. The pasteurization temperature for homogenized, HTST pasteurized, regular-grade milk is usually 72-75  °C for 15-20 seconds. Nestlà © is the worlds largest food and beverage company in terms of sales. Due to strong brand name product will gain a wide consumer acceptance from all over the Pakistan. The biggest strength would be the strong brand name, the risk in investing would be reasonable be very low. Nestlà © will set a complete transparent manufacturing system for customer satisfaction in terms of hygiene. Nestlà © strengthen their product by broad distribution network by increasing the capacity for innovation which will lead to an improvement in sale growth. Nestlà © will be organising a team which will inspect and observe the accumulation (stock) on daily bases to prevent any damages occurring and also in order to keep the inventory fresh. Nestlà © will make sure that they are not having surprise shortage, weather it is winter or summer no matter what circumstances are. Further strength would be skilled labour, educated staff, large number of offerings and pre-purchase virtual display; arrangement of events, good background of the company, easy to approach outlets and physical evidence. The main weakness of Nestlà © product is the lack of an established good standing. The competitors have been around for decades and therefore have a loyal base. The second biggest weakness would be the lack of capital, establishing such an enormous and gigantic plant there will be a need of acquiring financial support in terms of loans from the bank. Spending millions in a strong brand is no guarantee to wealth. It may the safest way to get into the business, but it is not necessarily the cheapest. Further weakness would be small target market, lack of awareness among the target market and dependency on others like governments and sponsors for the arrangement of events. The biggest opportunity would be considered geographically. Pakistan is situated in an area where have summers most of the time. People love as well as enjoy eating ice-cream in the season. Due to strong brand name in the market, Nestlà © product has a great potential of earning profits. To make the product successful, the company will be utilizing the highest degree of technology in calculating customers satisfaction as well as their feedback. Gaining initial success the next step would be opening a parlour where people can enjoy all the flavour under one roof. Further opportunities would be increasing interest of people ad few and weak competitors. Threats Nestlà © is facing the threats by worldwide community due to its violation of international marketing standards. Many conferences and campaigns have been held against Nestlà © in this regard which can damage the name and trust of its customers. Another threat is due to the increasing popularity of its competitor OLPERS in local and international markets. Further threat would be the major player may enter target market, the legal and ethical issues, market segment growth could attract new entrants and economic slowdown can reduce demand. Stage 3: Strategy Formulation Milkpak will position Nestlà © product as a high quality product consumer focused. Messages like They knows your taste better than us, Nestle Milkpak now at your door step; Add additional flavours to your life will help to portray Nestlà © picture clearly and distinctly. Milkpak will position Nestlà © product against the competitors and gain competitive advantage through the efficient promotional methods, using innovations, and by reaching closer to the target market through the arrangement of events like Basant, Valentine day and etc. In short consumers will view Nestlà © as a product providing highly quality, in terms of taste, customer focused and, at the same time reasonably priced as compared to others. 3.0 Core Competency of Nestlà © To pose Nestlà © product against the competitors, the company will be using differentiation strategy which will not only differentiate their own from others but also give an edge over others. Nestlà © core products will be very beneficial especially in terms of quality, health, and hygiene and most important consumer satisfaction. Nestlà © augmented products will include consumer satisfaction, warranty to retailers in terms of expire, delivery and after sales services. The companies all over the world get some competitive edge based on some features which other companies dont have. For example, as the Dell has the competitive edge over other computer manufacturer companies, because they use built-to-order Strategy while no other company in computer industry use this strategy. Similarly in Pakistan nestle has their competitive edge based on the strategies like product differentiation and customer oriented. Nestlà © is using the product differentiation strategy by providing the superior quality products. Their main focus is to keep the customers loyal. They bought shelve space in different departmental stores to attract the customers. They tried to reach each group of people in which they have succeeded. Besides, customer satisfaction is the focal point for the company. They provide hygienic products to their customers. Products are also verified by health and safety measures and international quality standards.

Peerless Laser Processors Questions Essay

Question 1: Describe the business performance of Peerless before the purchase of the state-of-the –art punch presses in 1991 and after that? (2.5 points). Answer: In 1981, the company faced a do or die decision that forced them to use new technology. If the lasers failed, the company would have had nothing to fall back upon. There was no good economic justification available at the time upon which to base the decision. By contrast in 1984 the company had a track record with the technology, had a good feel for the market and its potential growth, and was in a much stronger position financially. Ted can be much more comfortable making this decision because of the reduction in uncertainty. The decision is harder on one way though. When the company had it’s back to the wall, it was clear that something different had to happen and quickly. When the company is in a more comfortable position, the pressure to make a decision is greatly reduced, making it easier to procrastinate. Question 2: What factors made Ted decide to purchase three punch presses in 1991? Were these factors also what Ted considered for buying the 1,200-watt laser cutter? (2.5 pts). Answer: The decision Ted faces now is purchase the 1200-watt laser cutter, with the decision he faced in 1991 when he was considering the three punch presses. There are some potential factors with the new laser: Peerless will be creating products that are unfamiliar to them. Peerless has no way of knowing if the new market will respond as well as the saw blade market did to the anticipated improvements in quality and cycle time coming from the laser. The new product line will require different distribution channels, different marketing techniques, and will draw new and different competition. Peerless may not be able to attract enough business to keep the system productive. The potential benefit is, of course, a new large market to successfully apply Peerless’s laser cutting experience. A significant  strategic variable that Peerless should consider is the long-term viability of the saw blade market. The success of laser cutting (as Peerless has experienced) and other technologies has the potential to reduce the overall market for mechanical cutting devices over the long term. Question 3: Of the three major types of control systems – cybernetic, go/no-go, and postcontrol – which would have been the most useful with the first laser and why? With this new laser and why? (2.5 pts). Answer: The laser itself would use cybernetic systems to control the cutting process. The first implementation project would have benefited most from cybernetic processes as well because of Peerless’s unique position. Since they were in a do or die position, they would not have wanted to kill the project for the conventional reasons. In fact, based on the typical parameters used for go/no-go controls, Peerless would have been justified in killing the first laser project. Instead, because of their dire circumstances, they stuck to their guns and eventually achieved success. The second implementation project would benefit from go/no-go controls because it is being conducted in a much more stable business environment in which where the company could back away from the project if necessary. Question 4: Calculate the variable cost per blade of laser cutting with this new system. Assume that the variable cost of the laser is $4/hour, that the laser custs at the rate of 40 inches per minute, that a typical blade of 14 inches diameter sells for $25, and the same computer and software will be used as currently. Material load time for a 10-blade sheet of steel is one minute. Use a 3-inch arbor hole size and assume that a cut tooth doubles the cut distance. (2.5 pts). Answer: The potential problems might be in purchasing the 1200-watt laser following steps are needed to estimate the payback: 1. Estimate the amount of laser cutting needed using a 14 inches saw blade as a typical product. The blade would have approximately a 44 inches circumference. 2. Based on the cutting speed of 40 inches/minute, the cutting would take 2.4 minutes. Adding time to handle the blade, and maintain the workstation, estimate the total time  at 3 min/blade. 3. Estimates the operating cost of a 1200 watt laser at $ 10/min, making the laser’s portion of the blade cost $ 30/blade, it is not a particularly significant amount for a $25 blade. 4. Estimates the cost of the laser to be about $200,000. Assume an additional $100,000 for computers and training bringing the total to $300,000. 5. If the laser can produce a blade every 3 minutes, than it could produce 160 in eight hours at $25 a unit. Based on Exhibit 1, the current profit margin is 12%, so it’s safe to assume that the single shift daily profit would equate to 160 X $25 X 12% or $480. 6. Given the $300,000 cost of the laser, the single shift payback period would be 625 days or half that amount for a two-shift operation. In addition to the brisk payback, the laser improves quality, cycle time and flexibility in responding to customer demand. The new laser system adds to the high tech image of the company and reinforces the employee’s pride. The original laser system was probably viewed as a threat to jobs when it was first implemented. Now that the company has experience with the benefits of laser cutting, they are in a better position to justify the investment both on non-economic and economic grounds.

International Pay Systems

The Human Resource department must be able to work closely with the foreign country in order to understand the customs and preferences of the locals while complying and enforcing privacy, copyright, and Intellectual property laws. They must also take Into account the cultural differences of the workers and customers and work to bridge the gaps with management and other transplanted American workers.By taking account of the legal Issues that are Involved In international business venture and being able to Incorporate the customs and prefers of the country will help Ordain Manufacturing meet their goals in expanding their market and sales in a global economy (University of Phoenix, 2010). The Case of Robert Lord Local taxation and living costs must be considered, along with the gross salary of the senior managers.Senior mangers typically earn a higher gross salary than that off lower ranked employee in many countries including Japan. Once the local taxation and cost of living are taken into account, it is estimated that the United States employee is compensated well than that of his Japanese counterpart. If Robert Lord was sent to Japan on the domestic terms, his buying power is reduced greatly although the gross salary would be higher. The expendable Incomes need to be adjusted to meet the differences In the cost of living.In doing this the expatriate Is assured of the same appending power in the host country as here in the United States. Several allowances and or incentives could also be added to the host country The united States is one of the few countries to impose tax on income portion. Earned on foreign soil, although many of the companies will bear this additional tax burden. This is called tax equalization agreement in which the employee is reimbursed by the employer for the extra amount incurred by the expatriate.Most often a company will withhold a set tax from each payroll payment to the employee, eased on a projected tax Incurred by that nations sala ry, and at the end of the tax year, after the exact amount of tax is calculated, the employee or employer must reimburse the other for over/under payment. US companies find themselves at a disadvantage with these tax-equalization pay systems, and many companies are trying to fill their senior management positions with local hires (ace International, 2010).One of the defining reasons for a government's tendency to enact protective measures to counterbalance the effects of markets are the insufficient welfare yester and Japan's existing social contract, which does not tolerate uncertainty and social suffering. At the very basic level a social contract is a covenant to the Japanese culture. It is not codified by which the society and the state are constituted. It addresses the areas such as how many services the government has to provide in return for its right in reducing citizen's incomes. This could be done through high taxes and or high prices.The differences are reflected signific antly in the basic societal assumptions and preferences as well as the political and economic struggles. Countries will differ in how they craft this social contract over the course of history. A social contract will evolve over time and become inclusive of that country's leading interests as well as their norms and values, and it is extremely difficult to change either incrementally or radically (Olson, 1982). Changes in a covenant require that there be changes in the fundamental values within Japanese society.Since the recession has continued to loom large globally the Japanese people seem to be more concerned with the existing values which would include stability, security and retainer. Japan is certainly not the only country where existing social contract has created barriers to the changes that are needed to transition successful to a post- industrial society. As an example, many in United States are unhappy with a system that in spite of the countries significant wealthy, more than 40 million people are working without health insurance (Olson, 1982).The Role of the Social Contract on Compensation Systems Internationally Human Capital is the most valuable resource that a company has and companies must treat their employees with dignity, aspect, and not to allowable them on compensation Just to make a greater profit for themselves. The 20th century corporate models in the past and still exist today are based on the financial capital as being the dominate source of competitive advantage. Corporations were viewed as solely instruments for maximizing the wealth of its financial investments.Corporations today need to adopt new strategies within their employment practices which will build and sustain the trust and commitment of its human and financial investors and to be able to return fair value to both stakeholders. Those who participate in managing the company need to be held accountable for creating and investing for a future that is sustainable. This would imply that all groups should have a voice in regards to the accountability of the company's board members and other governance bodies (Cocoon ; Sultan, 2007).The Equity in Compensation between Expatriate and Nationals within the Same Country Critical issues regarding compensation focus exclusively on the home country nation expatriates. These issues revolve around negotiations which if there are too many premiums and inventive you will create an international tamped and unrest in the domestic pay system. On the other hand too few incentives given and you will influence people not to risk foreign assignment (Engle, 2007).Issues brought to light by trial and error, or the components and adjustments to domestic pay which comprise the company's balance sheets. This so called stumbling to a â€Å"balance sheet† approach has comprised much of the case-oriented options, suitable housing, education of the expatriates children, and other incentives needs to be facilitated by consulti ng firms, in which a pattern can be developed to have a standardized balance sheet approach (Brioche, 1995). In doing this the company is able to adjust to the intention environment, but by relying on their own domestic terms.The Effect of Trade Unions and Employee Involvement in Compensation Systems for Cross Border Organizations They forces that are affecting today's trends in the international and domestic markets must be carefully analyzed so to be better equip for the needs of tomorrow. Understanding how employee compensations will be determined and what the consequences will have by using different approaches is important. The ways by which employees are compensated affect their financial and emotional well being. Directly impacting the company's effectiveness and the talents of the nation's human resources is compensation.Finally, the way in which employees are compensated gives credence to society's sense of social Justice. A trend that is affecting tomorrow's compensation i s shifting away from responding to negotiated or benchmarking patterns to a completive positioning stand. One of the most important relations is that between management, employees and trade union representatives. The central role of the nation unions combined with single nation orientation will sometimes slow or even top the development of an international union bargain capability (Engel, 2007).Compare and Contrast Pay Systems across Countries No matter in which country you reside pay is a status symbol within the organizations and also society. Societies that are less complex in nature the status of an individual may be the product of many standards in which Judgment is past; for example, the individuals family, friend, education, occupation, religious or political affiliations. In a more mobile society such as the United States, many of these same standards are harder to measure and are not near as important. Income as a symbol of stature does not present this problem (Atchison, B elcher ; Thomson, 2004).Organizations create statues within the structuring of the Jobs and the compensation that is associated with that position. By placing coworkers in a status structure of the organization according to how much they are compensated is quite commonplace. Since pay is a universal measure of status, it is easy to understand that differentials in pay can be significant. Across cultural boundaries this is the one constant in relation to pay systems. This symbolic significance adds another dimension the importance of compensation to individuals (Atchison, Belcher, ; Thomson, 2004).These same values are seen not only within organizations but in society as well. Organization is influenced by what the norm is across industry standards regarding pay. Outside forces vary in their influence with the type of people who are hired, their loyalty or attachment to the company and the similarity of the organization Jobs to those found elsewhere. Outside influences can be minimiz ed if the company is able to create unique Jobs, which only entry level positions are hired for beyond the company's walls.Customary relationships that are Just as conservative soon arise inside the organization and groups within will begin to struggle for status and pay which will bring the same type of powerful forces as the same as outside forces (Atchison, Belcher, & Thomson, 2004). The Effect of Trade Unions and Employee conducted exclusively at the company level and no mechanisms for the extension of agreement beyond the signatories, bargaining coverage exactly matches union density (rebound, 2005).

Freedom vs Independence essays

Freedom vs Independence essays While reading Eric Foner's book I came to appreciate the difficulties the freed black slaves encountered for example, how the previous slave owning class continued to manipulate the freed slaves. Also, I was impressed at the great sacrifice they made when attempting to become educated. Last of all I was surprised at the severity of persecution and abuse of blacks that was still considered legal after they were "freed". When the label of slave was removed from the black American, it was meant to clarify that they were human beings. Human beings eligible to participate in America's society and culture. However, racism denied them the privileges of the American citizen. Although they were no longer slaves, they were still considered to be savages, unintelligent, and the lowest class of person in the United States. Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. The Proclamation set the American slave population free. However, it did not indicate how new Black citizens would be incorporated into the free society. Emancipation would redefine how blacks saw themselves and their aspirations, and it would redefine the labor system. Blacks believed that they could equally share in prosperity and progress with whites. Blacks desperately wanted to move up in social standing and become educated. They desired literacy. They wanted to plant their own crops and have the chance to sell them for profit. They wanted to work hard for the chance of a better life for their children. The commitment to white supremacy in the South began with the planter's intention of keeping the institution of slavery. Whites perceived emancipation as "uncompensated liquidation of the nation's largest concentration of private property and a redefinition of the place of blacks in American society"(p.2). Blacks saw emancipation as their opportunity to become involved with society without the burden of being owned by someone. The labor s...

Principle of Equality before the Law in Nigerian Government and Politics

Principle of Equality before the Law in Nigerian Government and Politics Free Online Research Papers The application of the rule of law is the principle that governmental authority is legitimately exercised only in accordance with written, publicly disclosed laws adopted and enforced in accordance with established procedural steps that are referred to as due process. The principle of the rule of law is intended to be a safeguard against arbitrary governance, whether by a totalitarian leader or democratic leader. Samuel Rutherford was one of the first modern authors to give the principle theoretical foundations, in Lex, Rex (1644), and later Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws (1748). In his Law of the Constitution, Dicey identified three principles which together establish the rule of law: (1) the absolute supremacy or predominance of regular law as opposed to the influence of arbitrary power; (2) equality before the law or the equal subjection of all classes to the ordinary law of the land administered by the ordinary courts; and (3) the law of the constitution is a consequence of the rights of individuals as defined and enforced by the courts. This is the fundamental rules governing the conduct of government business. The emphasis here is on the principle of equality before the law. Every citizen – irrespective of educational qualification, social status, position, gender, religion, and age is expected to be treated equally in the event of breach of the law of the land. For example, if the president c of Nigeria stole a Goat, and an ordinary man on the street stole a Goat, the duo should receive similar punishment for the offence. In fact, the president should receive a more severe punishment their economic status and social placement. Many Americans might have been involved in raping unnoticed. But when the former American president, Bill Clinton was alleged of sexual harassment in the famous Monica Lewinsky saga, he was called for open interrogation and defense. This scenario is literally impossible in Nigeria. Here, contracts are awarded after close door ‘meetings’ in Sheraton Hotel, Bolingo Hotel, Hotel Presidential, or any other popular hotel in town. The same mess takes place in our institutions of higher learning where passing an examination is a function of meeting-up with the sexual and/or financial desire of lectures both male and female alike. In Nigeria, the atrocities of the leaders are covered by presidential and parliamentary immunities while the common man on the street is exposed to untold harassment in the name of law enforcement. Equality before the law has been and will remain illusory in Nigeria. It is in Nigeria that governance is to the interest of few individuals and to the detriment of the ever-increasing mass of greatly impoverished, oppressed and depressed people. It is a point that has caused and will continue to cause mass exodus of people in search of greener aperture hence aggravating brain drain in the country. Some people are living as second class citizen in there country. Recently, I was traveling from Abuja to Lokoja and a man frankly told me that he prefers being a slave in somebody’s country that being a slave in his own country. That is the thinking of many Nigerians because of the ever-increasing misery and deprivation. When some people are sacred cows and others suffer for their mischief, the inevitable consequence may be the accelerating spate of armed rubbery and organized crime. For instance, an administration that introduced the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), and the Independent Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) shouldn’t have been enmeshed in a deep rooted crisis of $16 billion power sector scandal. But my worry with Nigeria and Nigerians is that such fellow will still escape the eagle eye of both the legislators, executives and even those ‘crime fighting institutions’. Somebody may ask why? Well you can answer the question yourself. What has happened to the likes of General Ibrahim Babangida, General Abdulsalami Abubakar and a whole lot of others that looted our treasury and send Nigeria to the comity of Highly Indebted Poor Countries of the World (HIPC). The truth is that Nigeria is not poor but has been impoverished by it l eaders. That reminds me of the comment made by Professor C. Achebe as far back as the 80s that the problem of Nigeria is the â€Å"problem of leadership.† The trial of Ministers involved in the sharing of N300 million is another trying period for Nigeria the Lawmakers and other stakeholders who partook in this unholy act should be brought to book as well. This is an onerous task of the administration of President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua. I do hope that fairness, due process, accountability, respect for the rule of law will be vigorously pursued. The enforcement of the principle of equality before the law through an expression of dogged political will is expedient of a stable political system. We believed that as the present administration musters the desire political will and commitment, the whole notion of sacred cow which has hitherto privilege some few individuals above the avalanche greatly impoverished people will be drastically reduced. The declarations of President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua and his action hitherto have clearly proved that there is hope for Nigeria and Nigerians. PETER, Abraham, Ojoarome2003@yahoo.com, Nsukka, Nigeria. Research Papers on Principle of Equality before the Law in Nigerian Government and PoliticsUnreasonable Searches and Seizures19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Explanation of liability, strict liability, accountability and moral Essay

Explanation of liability, strict liability, accountability and moral accountability in relation to obligations and duties as individuals and as parts of business organizations - Essay Example If he or she fails, such student is accountable for it and no one else. We can again cite as an example of the student. While the student is accountable for his or performance in class, he or she has also moral accountability to his or her parents to do his or her best because of their hopes for the student to be better prepared for the future. This is also a recompense for the sacrifices made by the parents for the student to send him or her to school. These terms relate to our obligations and duties as individuals - or as part of an organization in a way that they serve as the building block of ethics and integrity. Liability compels us to do good realizing that we are answerable for the consequence of our action. Our sense of accountability makes us responsible as a person and as a professional for we make sure that the trust and responsibility entrusted to our care are kept or done properly. Moral responsibility on the other hand enables us to perform duties and responsibilities even without the expectation of reward or repercussion but rather the internal drive to do good and be better. In the context of an organization, these terms make us ethical employees and/or managers. It makes us watch out for our actions because we can be held responsible for their consequences. On a positive note, these terms can help us become successful because it makes us responsible for any duties and tasks assigned to us. We also become trustworthy of a responsibility because we will not do anything that will have negative consequence both to us and the

Illegal Immigration in the European Union Essay

Illegal Immigration in the European Union - Essay Example The Maastricht treaty of 1992 created what is known as the ideology of the European citizens, the aim of this treaty was to incorporate the national identities of the citizens of the EU into a European identity without reducing the importance of the national identity of the citizens. The Amsterdam treaty of 1999 gave the citizens of the European Union the right to vote and also to participate in the elections for the European parliament. The Amsterdam treaty granted human rights to the citizens of the EU and this led to the creation of European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights. It was in the Tampere summit in 1999 that it was decided that there would be certain rights and laws for dealing with the issue of immigration, both legal and illegal. It was at the Tampere summit that it was decided that illegal immigration would be fought against using certain measures that would ensure that the illegal immigrants would be investigated quickly and hence the major goal of this paper was to send back the illegal immigrants to their country of origin as soon as possible. ... Canary Islands is an archipelago that is a part of Spain and it lies west to the African continent and is located at a close distance from morocco though the journey might look very easy but it is a very difficult one especially when the means of transport is not a very stable one. In 2005 around 4500 people entered the Canary Islands through the sea route but in 2006 the number almost grew 6 times when the number of illegal immigrants reached the figure of almost 31000. About 6000 migrants went missing or died and only 5000 people were intercepted by the coast guards. This led the then Canary Islands president to ask the centre for help with the issue of illegal immigrants by setting up a committee to address the problem which he describes as 'critical'. Aden martin, the then president of the canary islands, asked not only thy kingdom of Spain for help but also asked the EU to play its part in controlling this situation because he saw this not as a threat only to the canary islands or Spain but as a threat to a whole of Europe because once the illegal immigrants got through to the canary islands they could pretty much move through the whole of Europe freely as they were no check points because of the relaxation in visa policies for the whole of the European bloc. The problem as illustrated above is indeed quite critical because of the staggering number of people that have been trying to make it to Europe through the canary islands not only risk their lives and more than 10,000 people have already lost their lives but they also pose a threat to every party involved economically and due to the large numbers there are no facilities intact currently to deal with them that leads to the problem of crossing the line with respect to human rights issues and accommodation and

Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79AD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79AD - Essay Example It was founded around the 6th century BC, built on a volcanic ridge, produced by prehistoric lava by the Oscans. It remained a fortified city, completely rnclosed by a high wall and maintained its own language and culture. It was rich in architecture and this was focused on public places. Pompeii was divided into nine zones and the ‘regio’ was further sub-divided into ‘insulae’. The dwellings were of different dimensions depending upon the wealth of the inhabitants. It had atrium houses, lower class residential and commercial structures, vineyards and gardens, and several major public buildings- a basilica, public baths, theater, temples, and a forum (Olson-Raymer). Herculaneum was founded by the Greek Hero Hercules. Herculaneum was more peaceful and elegant than Pompeii (Herculaneum). Herculaneum was devoted to navy and fishing and had a lot of greenery. It was also famous for architecture while marble and bronze were its natural resources. It was rich in m osaic too. Pompeii on the other hand was a good passage for goods that arrived by sea or had to further move towards Rome.

The Stereotyping of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans Essay Example for Free

The Stereotyping of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans Essay Stereotypes have existed in different forms throughout history. Although they are prevalent in all areas of the world, most countries have overcome name calling various ethnic groups to a degree better than the past. However, people in America still place several racist connotations on minorities. This is ironic because the United States is considered to be a giant melting pot of different cultures, and Americans still are racist toward diverse ethnic groups. Hispanics are one minority Americans constantly categorize and even degrade with derogatory names. Hispanics are consider to be from large families, dirty, not born in the US, unable to speak English, uneducated, eat too much beans and tacos, good dancers, and that they are gangsters who like to get tattoos and ride on low riders. Many people have bad images of the Mexican race because they see one Mexican person who dress a certain way or even acts a certain way and they assume they are all bad people. For example if you see a Hispanic man that is baldheaded and has on baggie clothes people assume that he is a gangster by the way he looks. On the other hand most Mexicans perceive Anglo Americans to be arrogant, over-bearing, aggressive, conniving, rude, unreliable and dishonest because of the unscrupulous actions of some. They worked hard to get were they are today in society. Today, Hispanic-Mexican people face challenges living between two cultures, and one of these is in employment. Hispanic-Mexican people receive reduced wages and are forced into stereotypical fields because of stereotypes and discrimination, and from their education. First, a challenge Hispanic-Mexican people face is discrimination and stereotypes which lowers their wages and keeps them in certain job areas, but for an adequate education to allow them to compete in an increasingly challenging job market condemns too many of them to unemployment, underemployment, or work in professions with little promise for upward mobility and jobs with decent salaries. Congressman John Box called for restrictions on Mexican immigration because the Mexican was a product of mixing by the Spaniard and low-grade Indians. This mixture, according to Boxer, was an obstacle to participation in American democracy. There are many incidents where Hispanic-Mexican women are viewed, stereotypically, as a woman only capable of being a housewife, and as a sexual object. They also argue that cross-cultural conflict Hispanic-Mexican people have to deal with on an everyday basis, in this, purely dominated by Caucasians. In Hispanic-Mexican culture the wife might perform work outside the household; this was usually an acceptable alternative only in cases of extreme economic duress. In such cases, her efforts were limited to a restricted number of options, almost always of a part-time nature, and contributed nothing to improve her subservient status within the house. This division of authority established between man and wife was perpetuated by their offspring. Girls were taught distinct behavior patterns and were encouraged to adopt specifically defined aspirations quite different from their brothers, beginning at an early age. Motherhood was the ideal objective of all young girls and the primary virtue of all those who achieved it. Throughout the course of my life I have lived in different areas and have been subject to different viewpoints about race and ethnicity. In each of the areas I have lived, I have experienced differences and things in common in how people are treated. When I was very young I was the minority and other times I have been a majority. I currently live in a majority Hispanic-Mexican community. The Westside of Phoenix, AZ has a much less diversified population, yet racism, media, and the government still contributes to the discrimination of many of the residents, which has caused uncertainty and grave disadvantages. Right now Arizona is going through the 1920’s, and 30’s with the treatment of Hispanic-Mexican people. The governor, sheriff and the rich have come to the conclusion that all Mexicans are criminals and should be deported just like the U. S. government did in the 1920’s with the mandatory deportation of all Mexican people whether they were legal or not. Nativist scholars and politicians feared mongrelization as a by-product of contact with Mexicans, and in 1925 a Princeton economics professor even spoke of the future elimination of Anglo Americans by interbreeding with Mexicans. They were considered at that time by Congressman John Box called for restrictions on Mexican immigration because the Mexican was a product of mixing by the Spaniard and low-grade Indians. And as late as 1969, a California judge ruling in an incest case reiterated similar racist beliefs. He stated in court: Mexican people think it is perfectly all right to act like an animal. We ought to send you out of this country. You are lower than animals maybe Hitler was right. The animals in our society probably ought to be destroyed†. This mixture, according to Boxer, was an obstacle to participation in American democracy. They also did increasing violence perpetrated by Anglo Americans made Mexicans and Mexican Americans intensely aware of their subordinate status within the American Southwest. They did not have equal protection under the law, despite the guarantees of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the U. S. Constitution, and several laws were passed to specifically control their way of life. According to Griswold del Castillo: A Sunday Law imposed fines ranging from ten to 500 dollars for engaging in `barbarous or noisy amusements which were listed as bullfights, horse races, cockfights, and other tradition California amusements. At the same time, a vagrancy law called `the Greaser Law was passed. This law imposed fines and jail sentences on unemployed Mexican-Americans who, at the discretion of local authorities, could be called vagrants They are doing these things again here in Arizona. They have done it with SB1070 and have put fear in a lot of Mexican-Americans and Mexicans because this law is Racial Profiling or Stereotyping against all the Hispanic people here. They have ripped so many families apart by deporting one of the parents or even both leaving the children alone or with a parent missing. This law is like having Hitler here going after the Jewish people the only difference is that Arizona is not exterminating them. I have these people for many years and have learned, lived and raised children with them. They are not what my government sees them as. They are a proud people with strong family values and culture. They are not stealing the jobs from white people, but are doing the jobs that the white people refuse to do. Now because of how Arizona wants to act the cost of dairy, fruits and veggies has gone very high. The farmers can’t afford to pay what the prisons want nor the regular white guy who is willing to work in the field. References: del Castillo, Richard Griswold, and Arnoldo de Leon. North to Aztlan: A History of Mexican Americans in the United States. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1996. McWilliams, Carey. North from Mexico: The Spanish-Speaking People of the United States, updated by Matt S. Meier. New York: Praeger, 1990. Between Two Worlds: Mexican Immigrants in the United States, edited by David G. Gutierrez. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1996. Samora, Julian, and Patricia Vandel Simon. A History of the Mexican-American People. South Bend: University of Notre Dame Press, 1993.

How Multiple Incidents Develop the Plot Line in The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers fc

F. Scott Fitzgerald brilliantly wrote many novels as well as short stories. One of his best known works is The Great Gatsby. In the novel, the main character Jay Gatsby tries to obtain his lifetime dreams: wealth and Daisy Buchanan. Throughout the story, he works at achieving his goals while overcoming many obstacles. Fitzgerald’s plot line relies heavily on accidents, carelessness, and misconceptions, which ultimately reveal the basic themes in the story. During the book, Fitzgerald is able to create a superior storyline by tying all the events in the story, directly or indirectly, together. Ernest Lockridge notes in his criticisms about the book: Yet in a triumph of art, Fitzgerald makes even accidents seem unaccidental, he incorporates ‘real’ disorder within fictional order. He accomplishes this by repetition (in the ‘real’ world, repetition does not exist): the accident involving Tom and the chambermaid, the reference to both Nick and Jordan baker as ‘bad drivers,’ the wreck just outside Gatsby’s driveway after his party in which, as in Tom’s accident, a wheel is ripped off, the hit-and-run death of Myrtle Wilson, and finally the accidental conjunction of events which leads to Gatsby’s murder and Wilson’s suicide. Lockridge, 7 Fitzgerald is capable of picking an event and referring back to it while still staying on topic. One of these events is accidents. Almost every character is related to an accident that occurs to another character: You see, when we [Gatsby and Daisy] left New York she was very nervous and she thought it would steady her to drive—and this woman [Myrtle Wilson] rushed out at us just as we were passing a car coming the other way. It all happened in a minute,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  but it seemed to me that she wanted to speak to us, thought we were somebody she knew. Well, first Daisy turned away from the woman toward the other car, and then she lost her nerve and turned back. The second my hand reached the wheel I felt shock—it must have killed her instantly. Gatsby; 151 As one of the main accidents in the story, Fitzgerald connects the death of Myrtle Wilson to Daisy. The connection is completely accidental, because Daisy does not know that Myrtle is her husband’s mistress. In this incident, Fitzgerald is able to create irony between the two characters to make one think that it was actually not an accident, when in reality it was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the course of the story, it is relevant that some of the characters in the book use careless actions.

Explaining the Goal of Financial Management and the Role of Ethics Essay

It has always been the goal of the financial managers to maximize the wealth of the shareholders of the firm. That is to say, we maximize the potential benefits that the firm’s stakeholders get by increasing the value of the firm in which these shareholders have taken the risk of investing to. According to Ingram (1992), the worth of a company is dependent on the capacity of the assets to produce cash flows over a period of time. This means that if the firm is able to generate a positive net cash flow including a reasonable dividend to its owners, then it said that value is created. Firms face two kinds of profits. They are accounting profits and economic profits. Maximizing accounting profits normally refers to the general corporate goal of maximizing profits as maximizing economic profits generally refers to maximizing the shareholder’s wealth. Ingram (1992) has distinguished them by defining accounting profits as the income accumulated after the overall cost is deducted from the overall revenue before the payment to shareholders is considered and economic profits as the income accumulated after compensating for the factors of production such as capital, labor and others. Moreover, she differentiated the two by saying that accounting profit does not consider all the factors of production as economic profit does and that it also does not consider compensating the shareholders for taking the risk in investing in the firm. Maximizing wealth does not consequently mean that the firm has to face an unethical decision making. It is still up to the firm as to how it will perform this task. As according to Goizueta (1997), everyone in the company would be better of if it plans for a long-term goal rather than a short-term goal. Through this, the firm can still plan on how it will maximize the wealth and at the same time be consistent with ethical standards.

An Analysis into the study of knowledge as a term

An analytical survey of cognition appreciates the term to hold several significances. I will turn to myself to three of them. The first significance concerns the ability possessed ensuing from larning. One can cognize how to utilize a library, one can cognize how to stand, walk or how to give a address that could elicit the audience. Another account of cognition involves the familiarity, acquaintance, and personal experience. A individual can cognize a topographic point by holding visited to the topographic point or cognize a politician by have a face to confront brush with him. Last the account of cognition can be the collected facts from experiments, observations and surveies, and doing decisions that justify personal or general belief. At a broader perspective cognition can be grouped into two classs, one is the silent cognition, which can non be expressed in words or Numberss. This is the proficient knowhow and accomplishments that can non be effectual be represented utilizing ma rk of linguistic communication or symbols. The 2nd class is that of explicit cognition that can be expressed in footings, words or symbols. This deals with the theoretical attack of work outing jobs. To my understanding the significance of being educated to one individual means something different to others. Harmonizing to Socrates who is considered to be the male parent of modern idea, the universe is divided into, the wise who know they are saps and the saps who think they are wise. Bing educated can be taken to intend that one is trained in a specific field every bit good as he is able be practically use the cognition gained. An educated individual has acquired general accomplishments and knowledge about topics and thoughts. Over and above acquisition of cognition he is able to analyse, understand signifier an sentiment and pass on this information sanely to others. To many people being educated creates a desire to larn more and invariably change at any given clip. Learning is a womb-to-tomb experience with cases that help determine our heads and our perceptual experiences. When specifying instruction in the context of schooling in needed to look beyond accomplishment of academic ends. The impression that the school ‘s first precedence is rational development is lifelessly. There a strong difference between those who propose instruction as a agency of making or developing and prolonging a democratic society and those who believe that a school ‘s primary function is economic, amounting to a future investing of workers and finally corporate net incomes. The phrase of good educated does non merely mention to the quality of schooling received but besides something about the personality of the scholar. If the term could be taken to intend what one knows and can make, there are many people who are ill educated despite holding a top notch instruction on the converse if the term is taken to mention to the quality of schooling received, the society overflows with good educated people who sat through categories and hardly registered relevant construct s. With these contrasting positions about instruction and cognition, there is a dramatic absence of consensus about what the term ought to intend. At this occasion I have to except some normally possessed misconceptions about being good educated. Merely being in category for a given period of clip can non do a individual educated although he may get some cognition. Imagining alumnuss who are good prepared for the workplace who are non regarded every bit good educated since they do n't hold the ability to use whatever they have learnt. It would be a error to cut down schooling and instruction to a vocational readying. High mark in school merely mean an ability to take standardised trials. Most of the instructors that I have interacted with can immediately call pupils who are talented minds but who merely do n't execute good in tests every bit good as pupils whose public presentation overestimates their rational gifts. As a affair of fact there is no individual trial that is sufficien tly dependable, valid, or adequate in its entireness that it can adequately be treated as a gage of academic success. Besides memorisation and acquaintance with a figure of words, books and thoughts have been rated as a hapless manner of evaluation as an deficient manner of to judge who is good educated. Finally to be good educated there is on constituent that play one of the major functions and that is the school attended. I have analyzed the best sort of a school to be one that is organized around jobs, inquiries and undertakings as opposed to facts, subjects, and accomplishments. Of class cognition is acquired but in context and for a purpose stressing on deepness instead than breath, compassed with find of thoughts more than covering a prescribed course of study. The instructors involved in the acquisition procedure are Renaissance mans and specializers ; they collaborate to offer interdisciplinary class that their pupils play an active function in planing. All this is accomplished in little democratic schools that are experienced as caring communities. It ‘s indefensible to hold a big school, with short categories that have immense tonss on instructor and still be pupil centered, other than a fact transmittal sort of direction scene. This is merely a powerful obstruction t o good acquisition. Therefore to be good educated can be accessed through a complex system, in which pupils reveal their apprehension by agencies of in depth undertakings, presentations and portfolios of assignments such appraisal is based on meaningful criterions of excellence and criterions that may jointly offer replies to the inquiry of ; what is to be educated? Assessment of cognition acquisition and educational success I would concentrate more on empirical logical thinking, societal logical thinking, quantitative logical thinking, communicating, and personal qualities that constitute duty ego consciousness and capacity for leading. Traveling by the definition of being educated the end of instruction is more instruction and hence being good educated is to hold the desire and holding both the chance and the agencies to do certain that larning ne'er ends. Therefore if larning be the thirst for cognition the pupils and the society at big must abandon the impression that instruction is clip devouring and obligatory make fulling our heads and replaced it with the thought that people ever thrive best while larning what they love. Though clip consuming, we ever find clip for what we love, therefore no clip is lost while we rattle from book to book, looking for connexions. Finally am contented every bit long as I read what I read with love, and have small or no concerns if I have really read plenty on what am obligated to read. Note that the whole universe is a schoolroom and to do it one, merely believe that it is. I ever consider that cognition is born out of contact with the universe, an instruction carpentered out of the best combination we can do of a school, reading, on-line geographic expedition and friendly relationship may be the best instruction of all instead than a hapless replacement that must apologise for itself in the shadow of academia. Adult scholars have an enviable manner of larning. I have observed that they are ne'er interested in larning merely for the interest of larning. They go to larn with a motivation of bettering their accomplishments in specific countries, looking for stuffs that reflect existent life challenges that either mirror their fortunes or exemplify a world that they would wish to cognize.

Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird

Jem Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird â€Å"To kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee is set a small town called Maycomb in Alabama, in the 1930s. The community of Maycomb is of mixed ethnicity and like most places of that time the white people believe they were the dominant race. The book is seen through the eyes of two children: Jem and Scout Finch who are growing up in this society. As Jem gets older he becomes conscious of the fact that this community and these adults who surround him are not always right and this makes him feel lost. Jem is older than Scout and clearly remembers his mother. His sensitive nature makes him more aware of her death and he misses her. When Jem meets Dill he analyses him, like most children and accepts him, Jem knows what it is like losing a parent so when Scout touches on the topic of Dills dad (who left him) Jem tells her to ‘hush’, this confirms his understanding of others. Jem believes that Boo’s form of intimidation by his Father to stay in the house was ‘to chain him to the bed’ and his wild child like imagination of Boo Radley at the beginning is important because as the book progresses and Jem gets older, he realizes that Boo is just a normal human being who might not want to go outside. Boo Radley’s attempt to keep in contact with the outside world is through Jem and Scout. He does this by placing his most prized possessions in a knothole in a tree for the children to find, at first Jem doesn’t know it’s Boo but he graduall y pieces the personal objects and facts together and works it out. When Mr Nathan blocks up the knothole Jem is troubled, and he becomes conscious that the world of adults is not as he thought it would be, Boo’s attempt to stay in contact with the outside world has been diminished and there isn’t much he can do. He feels helpless and he weeps for Boo. During Miss Maudie’s house fire Jem acts like a father figure towards Scout he even uses Atticuss’ phrase ... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird In 1931, when Lee was five, nine young black men were accused of raping two white women near Scottsboro, Alabama. (A6) After a series of lengthy, highly publicized, and often bitter trials, four of the nine men were sentenced to long prison terms. (A8) Many prominent lawyers and other American citizens saw the sentences as spurious and motivated only by racial prejudice. (A9) Later, it was revealed that the women who had accused the men were lying. There can be little doubt that the Scottsboro Case, as the trials of the nine men came to be called, served as a seed for the trial that stands at the heart of Lee's novel. (B7) There were many other cases of racism that was clearly present through the 1930s, and all in all, it was the blacks who suffered the most.... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Chapter 1: To Kill a Mockingbird begins, "When he was nearly thirteen, my brother Jem got his arm badly broken at the elbow†¦When enough years had gone by to enable us to look back on them, we sometimes discussed the events leading to his accident. I maintain that the Ewells started it all, but Jem, who was four years my senior, said it started long before that. He said it began the summer Dill came to us, when Dill first gave us the idea of making Boo Radley come out" (9). Only after one finishes Mockingbird does the significance of Jem's broken arm become apparent. How did it happen? Harper Lee refers to the subject only one other time at the end of the book, turning her attention instead to describing the setting and introducing her main characters. Through six-year old Scout, her narrator, Lee draws an affectionate and detailed portrait of Maycomb, Alabama, a small, sleepy, depression-era town. She writes, "People moved slowly then. They ambled across the square, shuf fled in and out of stores around it, took their time about everything. A day was twenty-four hours long but seemed longer. There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy, and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County" (11). In chapter one we meet Atticus, Scout's father, who left his home, Finch's Landing, down the river from Maycomb, to study law in Mobile, Alabama. Atticus returned to Maycomb to practice law and help his brother, Jack, through medical school. About Atticus, Scout relates, "He liked Maycomb, he was Maycomb County born and bred; he knew his people, and they knew him, and because of [his father's] industry, Atticus was related by blood or marriage to nearly every family in the town" (11). We meet Calpurnia, the Finch's housekeeper who Scout describes as "all angles and bones†¦her hand was wide as a bed slat and twice as hard" (12). Scout, opinionated and vocal, faced Calpurnia's disci... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird In the novel to kill a mockingbird, Scout learns valuable lessons on prejudice in the town Maycomb, on the nature of courage, and on the dangers of judging others â€Å"before†¦climbing into their skin and walking around in it.† (Lee 33). Set in the mid 1930’s, Scout is a young girl living with her older brother Jem and her lawyer father Atticus. Growing up Scout learns many important things. Although the majority of Maycomb is prejudiced, Scout remains open and caring for all. She believes that everyone is equal. One of the important roles in Scout life is her father. Atticus is a small town lawyer and single parent. He tries to teach his children from right and wrong. He lives his life as he would like his children to live theirs. He gives everyone in Maycomb the respect they deserve regardless of their skin color. He proves this by defending a black man accused of raping a white woman. He teaches Scout and Jem that everybody deserves respect whether they are white or black. He also considers the black cook to be a part of their family and refuses to fire her when Scout aunt wants him to. Through everyday life Scout is able to realize what it means to be courageous. In the beginning of the novel, Scout encounters her neighbor who often shouted and criticized them. One day Jem cuts the top off her camellia bush in a fit of temper. Atticus finds out and orders him to apologize. His punishment had to read for one hour everyday for a month to Mrs. Dubose, the neighbor. Scout also goes with him. Later in the book Mrs. Dubose passes away from cancer. Atticus explains that she acted the way she did because of the pain she was. As a result, Jem and Scout learned about death and gained an understanding of Mrs. Dubose and the person she was. When Scout and Jem met Dill things became more exciting. After hearing gruesome tales of Boo Radley from Jem, Dill thinks up games about Boo. Although they were for fun in ... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Chapter 1 In the beginning of the story, we got introduces to Jem. He has two friends named Dill and Boo. Jem’s mother died when he was two. There was this old abandoned house that everyone was afraid of. Dill dared Jem to go touch it. He didn’t want to, but he did it. He ran up and slapped the house. All that happened was the shutter flickered. Chapter 2 In the second chapter, Jem and Dell start school. One is in the 1st grade and the other is in 5th grade. Jem was a big trouble maker right away. We get introduced to Walter Cunningham. He is very poor and doesn’t have any money for lunch. A teacher gave him a quarter for lunch but he refused. Chapter 3 Burris Ewell was introduced in this chapter. He had a bad temper and was always dirty. He always skipped school. Miss Caroline made him go home because she thought she saw a cootie in his hair. Scout didn’t go to school anymore. Chapter 4 When Scout was walking home from school one day, she had noticed a shiny piece of tin in a knot hole in a tree. There was gum in there. Jem made her spit it out when she got home. Later on they were walking and found a box with 2 shiny pennies in it. Jem explained to everyone about the hot steam, Scout didn’t believe Jem, so that made Jem mad. Later they played the tire game and Scout ended up on Radley’s porch. Chapter 5 Dill and Jem had an agreement with Miss Maudi that they could play on her lawn if they didn’t jump on her flowers. Then there’s this boo Radley guy. He does nothing but sit in his house all day. He never comes out. The boys wrote him a note telling him to come out because they want to know what he does in there. The boys even offer to buy him ice cream. They were going to give him the note by sticking it to the end of a fish pole and sticking it through the shutters. Chapter 6 There’s this guy Mr. Avery that the boys are interested in. Every night he sits on his p... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird When Atticus Finch tells his children, â€Å"shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† (p. 99), the mockingbird motif becomes apparent. This is the motif that gives the novel it’s name based upon an important theme and is directly related to two of the major characters. At first, this excerpt may appear to be insignificant to the story. However, the reader becomes aware that the mockingbird image is used extensively throughout the book. As the first half of the novel focuses on the mysterious Boo Radley and the second half on the Tom Robinson trial, both of these characters can be viewed as mockingbirds - harmless creatures who are unjustly persecuted by society. The full significance of Atticus’s remark, â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† (p. 99), is explained by Miss Maudie Atkinson. Miss Maudie informs Scout that mockingbirds do nothing but â€Å"sing their hearts out for us† (p. 100), making music for us to enjoy. They represent a gentle and innocent creature and the destruction of these birds is a senseless act of injustice. The slaughter of a mockingbird can be likened to the bigoted treatment of Boo Radley and Tom Robinson. The children’s obsession with Boo Radley brings dominance to his character. Although he is rarely seen by Jem and Scout, it is his mystique that they find fascinating. He is a constant source of their conversations and games. Through his gifts in the tree, the mending of Jem’s pants and covering Scout with a blanket as she witnessed the burning of Miss Maudie’s house, the reader becomes aware, long before Scout does, that Boo is an affectionate person. He watches the children from a distance because he is too shy to come out and make friends. Because of Boo’s unsociable manner he is persecuted by the community. It is not until Boo saves Jem and Scout’s lives, by killing Bob Ewell, that Scout finally under... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Jem Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird â€Å"To kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee is set a small town called Maycomb in Alabama, in the 1930s. The community of Maycomb is of mixed ethnicity and like most places of that time the white people believe they were the dominant race. The book is seen through the eyes of two children: Jem and Scout Finch who are growing up in this society. As Jem gets older he becomes conscious of the fact that this community and these adults who surround him are not always right and this makes him feel lost. Jem is older than Scout and clearly remembers his mother. His sensitive nature makes him more aware of her death and he misses her. When Jem meets Dill he analyses him, like most children and accepts him, Jem knows what it is like losing a parent so when Scout touches on the topic of Dills dad (who left him) Jem tells her to ‘hush’, this confirms his understanding of others. Jem believes that Boo’s form of intimidation by his Father to stay in the house was ‘to chain him to the bed’ and his wild child like imagination of Boo Radley at the beginning is important because as the book progresses and Jem gets older, he realizes that Boo is just a normal human being who might not want to go outside. Boo Radley’s attempt to keep in contact with the outside world is through Jem and Scout. He does this by placing his most prized possessions in a knothole in a tree for the children to find, at first Jem doesn’t know it’s Boo but he graduall y pieces the personal objects and facts together and works it out. When Mr Nathan blocks up the knothole Jem is troubled, and he becomes conscious that the world of adults is not as he thought it would be, Boo’s attempt to stay in contact with the outside world has been diminished and there isn’t much he can do. He feels helpless and he weeps for Boo. During Miss Maudie’s house fire Jem acts like a father figure towards Scout he even uses Atticuss’ phrase ... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird The theme with the most impact in 'To Kill a Mockingbird" is Prejudice. Prejudice is â€Å"a judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts.† Throughout the novel, there were many incidents, but two of them stood out the more than others. These are the teachings of Ms. Gates and her enmity towards the atrocities of Adolf Hitler, while at the same time she hated blacks, and the prejudice of the American court system in the 1930's by saying they stand for justice but not accepting the statement themselves. In Ms Gates' classroom we read about her teaching the class that the Jews are being persecuted against by the Nazi's. According to Ms. Gates this is un-Christian and she finds these actions despicable. The prejudice of this teaching is shown as soon as she mentions the word persecution. â€Å"Yes, she said, Old Adolf Hitler has been persecuting the jews.† Pg.244. This indident shows that she herself is persecuting the black people of Maycomb by not raising an eyebrow to the killing of an innocent black man. It is also very prejudice when she mentions democracy, and the way that she is not at all democratic when it comes to the treatment of African Americans. â€Å"What does DEMOCRACY mean?† â€Å"Equal rights for all, special privileges for none.† â€Å"Very good Jean Louise, very good.† Pg. 245. This lady shows her blindness to the racial problems of the Deep South, where she herself lives, but feels a lot of empathy for the Jews who are being mistrea ted and slaughtered in Germany, many thousands of miles away. The American Courts of the 1930's were also prejudice. Truth and Justice were held as the most basic right for Americans. Truth in the Tom Robinson case was never a factor. The white jury knew that Bob Ewell had beaten his daughter Mayaella Ewell and that Tom was innocent. But because a human being had more color pigment in their skin it was assumed they would be guilty without questi... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird This story takes place in a small southern town in Alabama called Maycomb. The county was called Maycomb as well. The specific locations that were used in the book the most were the house of the main characters, Finch's landing, the Maycomb court room, and the Radly house. The time period of this book was around 1935. The central character, and the narrator of this book is Jean Louise Finch, also known as Scout. Throughout the course of the book, Scout changed from an immature girl in overalls to a mature, young lady. Many characters affected this change, among those would be her older brother Jeremy Atticus Finch, better known as Jem. Scout looked up to Jem and followed in his footsteps. For example, when Jem and Dill Harris were planning to go to Boo Radly's house to place a note on the window Scout insisted that she tag along. Jem also tried to keep her safe like in the end when he tried to stop Bob Ewell from hurting her, even though it would only redirect the attack to hi! m. Another person who greatly affected Scout was Atticus Finch, her father, he contributed to her change by looking at her more like an adult than a child. Anytime she had a question that a child would not normally get an answer for asking, Atticus would give her a truthful answer. He also set good morals for Scout and Jem. For example, when she asked her uncle a question and he didn't give her a truthful answer Atticus got very upset about it, and later answered it for her. The next character who affected Scout would be her Aunt Alexandre, a person that Scout did not favor much throughout the book. Her Aunt desperately attempted to turn Scout into a young lady. Alexandre always contradicted what Atticus said, and never agreed with his ways of raising children. An example would be when Aunt Alexandre had a party for her friends, and Scout tried to impress the women by being extremely polite. Normally, Scout would be wearing overalls and she would speak her mind ... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird The theme with the most impact in 'To Kill a Mockingbird" is Prejudice. Prejudice is â€Å"a judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts.† Throughout the novel, there were many incidents, but two of them stood out the more than others. These are the teachings of Ms. Gates and her enmity towards the atrocities of Adolf Hitler, while at the same time she hated blacks, and the prejudice of the American court system in the 1930's by saying they stand for justice but not accepting the statement themselves. In Ms Gates' classroom we read about her teaching the class that the Jews are being persecuted against by the Nazi's. According to Ms. Gates this is un-Christian and she finds these actions despicable. The prejudice of this teaching is shown as soon as she mentions the word persecution. â€Å"Yes, she said, Old Adolf Hitler has been persecuting the jews.† Pg.244. This indident shows that she herself is persecuting the black people of Maycomb by not raising an eyebrow to the killing of an innocent black man. It is also very prejudice when she mentions democracy, and the way that she is not at all democratic when it comes to the treatment of African Americans. â€Å"What does DEMOCRACY mean?† â€Å"Equal rights for all, special privileges for none.† â€Å"Very good Jean Louise, very good.† Pg. 245. This lady shows her blindness to the racial problems of the Deep South, where she herself lives, but feels a lot of empathy for the Jews who are being mistrea ted and slaughtered in Germany, many thousands of miles away. The American Courts of the 1930's were also prejudice. Truth and Justice were held as the most basic right for Americans. Truth in the Tom Robinson case was never a factor. The white jury knew that Bob Ewell had beaten his daughter Mayaella Ewell and that Tom was innocent. But because a human being had more color pigment in their skin it was assumed they would be guilty without questi... Free Essays on To KIll A Mockingbird To Kill A Mockingbird: Theme Throughout the book, To Kill A Mockingbird there have been many different themes surrounding the character Scout Finch, but right now I'm going to focus on the thymes of maturing and growing up. I felt that this would be most appropriate because the book revolves around Scout as she grows up as child. It is also based about how the county of Macomb survives during the depression, not only as a county but also as a home to the good people that live there. The story To Kill A Mockingbird, is based on a little girl who is faced with tough choices and excitement everyday. As she grows up in her little quiet town she becomes more knowledgeable and careful about life and things surrounding her with each step that she takes. Scout, the little girl’s name, feels like she is a kid and wants to stay that way for the time being. On the other hand her older brother Jem, wants to grow up as quick as possible and become a real man with real responsibility. Both of the children's immaturity is primarily based on a childhood â€Å"ghost† that lives down the street from them, which they had named â€Å"Boo† Radly. â€Å"Boo† was a crazy child who stabbed his father in the leg with scissors, wiped the blood off and kept working. He also was in the closest thing that Macomb had ever seen to a gang. His father said that he would reprimand â€Å"Boo† for his crimes himself, instead of having the court do it. In doing so he locked â€Å"Boo† in the house and hasn’t let him out in over 15 years. The children are fascinated with â€Å"Boo† and attempt to get a look at their â€Å"ghost†. They also give each other dares like to go up and tough the front porch of the Radly household. I think that this adds to their immaturity because they actually believe in a ghost that haunts their town and only comes out on moonless nights. We all know that ghosts might exist but as a spirit, not as one to reek havoc on there county and eat r... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Book Analysis To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926, in the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, as the youngest of Amaza Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee’s four children. Harper Lee was enrolled in Huntington College from 1944-1945. Following that she went on to study law at the University of Alabama (1945-1949). In the 1950’s Harper Lee moved to New York and worked as a reservation clerk with Eastern Airlines and BOAC in New York City. While living in New York she gave up her position with the airline and moved to a cheap, worn-down apartment to focus more on her writing. During this time her father was struck with an illness that required her to make frequent trips to visit him in Monroeville. In 1957, Harper Lee submitted the manuscript of a novel consisting of a series of short stories to the J.B. Lippincott Company. The J.B. Lippincott Company refused the novel but urged her to re-write it. It took her two and a half years and the help of her editor, Tay Hohoff, to re-write t he novel and finalize To Kill A Mockingbird. The novel was published in 1960, and remains Harper Lee’s only published book. Harper Lee’s outstanding novel To Kill A Mockingbird won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize for fiction and was transformed into an award winning motion picture in 1962. The story is set in a small Alabama town, similar to the one Harper Lee was raised in, during the 1930s. A six-year-old girl named Jean Louise Finch, but better known as Scout, narrates the story. Having such a young narrator gives the story a certain innocence that wouldn’t be present had an adult told it. In Part I Scout introduces the town of Maycomb; it’s people and their ways. Accompanied by her older brother Jem and intriguing friend Dill, they satisfy the long, drawn out days of summer. In Part II Scout conveys the events relating to a court case where her father, Atticus Finch, is defending a black man who has been fal... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† ~Harper Lee~ In the book, â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† by Harper Lee growth in the characters is a very important point he tries to get through to the reader. The character that is most involved in growth is Jeremy Finch(Jem). Throughout the book one can see Jem’s growth towards becoming a young man by the trials and tests he goes through in his childhood. Perhaps the greatest moment of his change from child to man was when his friend, Dill, ran away from home and too Jem’s house. When Jem found Dill hiding out under the bed it didn’t take him long to go tell his father he was there. His sister best says states this change when she says, â€Å"Then he rose and broke the remaining code of our childhood.† (P. 143) She said that refering to when Jem went to tell his father of Dill’s presence. Another moment of Jems â€Å"growing up† comes when he and Scout (his sister) are sleeping on the back porch. When the two are lieing there ready to go to sleep Scout is playing with a bug, when she is ready to sleep she goes to do what any other normal kid would do, smash it. Jem had different ideas about that and didn’t want Scout to do is, and being the loveing sister she is she doesn’t. Although she doesn’t kill the bug she still gets in her bit of teasing when she makes fun of Jem by saying, â€Å"Reckon you’re at the stage now where you don’t kill flies and mosquitoes now, I reckon.†(P. 241) A moment of Jem’s growth comes when he is faced with a life and death situation. When he and his sister were walking home in the dark from the Halloween pageant they were attacked by Bob Ewell. They were eventually saved by Mr. Radley (Boo), but what Scout says at the end of the book shows how Jem had not been afraid. She says, â€Å"Jem wasn’t scared. Asked him and he said he wasn’t.† (p. 283) She tells th...