Stereotypical Views Held About Women by Elizabethan Men in William Shak

Stereotypical Views Held About Women by Elizabethan Men in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Introduction ============ Much Ado About Nothing exemplifies a kind of deliberately puzzling title that seems to put up been popular in the late 1590s. Indeed, the play is about nothing it merely follows the relationships of Claudio and Hero, and in the end, the play culminates in the two other main characters falling in love, which, because it was an event that was quite predictable, proves to be much ado about nothing The pronunciation of the word nothing would, in the late 16th Century, have been noting, and so the title also apparently suggests a pun on the word, noting, and on the use of the word note as an expression of music. In II.3, Balthasar is encouraged to sing, further declines, saying, note this before my notes theres not a note of mine thats worth the noting. However, Don Pedro retorts, ?Note notes, forsooth, and nothing, playing on Bal thasars words, and also demanding that he pay aid to his music and nothing else. In addition, much of the play is dedicated to people noting (or observing) the actions of others (such as the trick played on Beatrice and Benedick by Leonato, Hero and Claudio). They practically observe and overhear one another, and consequently make a great deal out of very little. Furthermore, women were very oppressed and maltreated during the time, and their status in society was very low. Their names were tarnished with classes, such as Goddess, Adulterer, whore/wife and Shrew, and each woman was classed under those headings. They were classed as nothing and ... ... in Britain has been exploding over the last 50 years. Majority of the top jobs are performed by men, even though the percentage is slowly sliding downwards, as more women demand tolerable rights. ===================================================================== Another Hierarchy is that of socia l class - people were split up into the top class, people like the king and people who were rich, the middle-class, people who were not rich, alone not poor. Then, there was the poor class, who could not afford too much, and were very poor. In this play, not many people tell the truth. One of the only ones in the play who speaks the truth is Dogsberry - one of the poorest people in the play. He is adamant that the truth should prevail. This shows that even though he is a commoner, he is quiet down better than the upper-class.

Miranda vs. Arizona Essay -- essays research papers

Miranda vs. ArizonaThis case had to do with an Ernest Miranda who raped a Patty McGee*. After extracting a written confession from the rapist about the situation, Mirandas lawyer argued that it was not valid since the Phoenix Police Department failed to read Miranda his rights, also in violation of the one-sixth Amendment which is the right to counsel. Some factors that helped support Mirandas line of credits were that the suspect had requested and been denied an opportunity to consult with a lawyer the suspect had not been effectively warned about his right to remain silent and an incriminating argumentation must have been given by the suspect. The author of the Arizona courts decision, former U.S. Senator and Arizona governor Ernest W. McFarland, said that Miranda had not requested a lawyer at the time of his detention and therefore was not entitled to the protections offered by such thins as in the Escobedo vs. Illinois case. Two months after the nations highest court agreed to hear arguments in the case of Miranda vs. Arizona, John Flynn and John Frank submitted their outline of the case and legal arguments in support of their position. They continued their argument that Ernest Mirandas Sixth Amendment right to counsel had been violated by the Phoenix Police Department The day is here to recognize the full meaning of the Sixth Amendment, they wrote. We invoke the basic principles (that) he requires the guiding...

What the Cinderella Story Has to Teach Young Girls Essay -- Literature

At first glance, what makes a fairy tale a fairy tale may seem unambiguoussome kind of magic, hidden symbols, repetition, and of course its evident its fictionbut fables are more than that. As Arthur Schelesinger puts it, its about expanding tomography and gaining understanding of mysterious places (618). While doing this, it also helps children to escape this world, yet teach a lesson that the reader may not be conscious of. A extraordinary story that achieves all of this is Cinderella, but not the traditional tale many Ameri give the axes have heard. Oochigeaskw, or The Rough-Faced Girl, and Ashputtle would be fitting for a seven-year-old beca use they gravel the gears of the mind turning, allowing for an escape on the surface, with an underlying enlightenment for children of the ways of the world.The Rough Faced Girl is the Native American variation of Cinderella. It was originally told in the wrangle of the Algonquin, who resided in the Eastern Woodlands of the United States and greatly differs from all the other stories of Cinderella. This tales focus is of an invisible man who will marry the woman who can see him. His sister, who has the ability to view him, cares for him and brings different woman to the wigwam to test their sight of the Invisible One (639). Many woman tried as they might, are futile to see him except one, Oochigeaskw. This woman is the youngest of three siblings, and is treated the poorestscars covered her body from where her sisters burned her (640). I prefer this story to the rest because there isnt the use of magicor magic for the womans own benefit. Instead, once the sister proves The Rough-Faced Girl can see her brother, she bathes her and all her scars disappear. My interpretation of this is that Ooch... ...on. Works CitedBehrens and Rosen. opus and Reading Across the Curriculum 11 ed. Longman, 2011. Print.Bettelheim, Bruno. Cinderella A Story of Sibling Rivalry and Oedipal Conflicts. Behrens and Rosen 651-657.Cullen, Bon nie. The Rise of Perraults Cinerella. Behren and Rosen 645-650.Grimm, Jakob and Wilhelm. Ashputtle. Behrens and Rosen 628-633.Oochigeaskw The Rough-Faced Girl (A Native American Cinderella). Behrens and Rosen 639-640.Orenstein, Peggy. Cinderella and Princess Culture. Behren and Rosen 670-673.Panttaja, Elisabeth. Cinderella not so Morally Superior. Behrens and Rosen 658-661.Poniewozik, James. The Princess Paradox. Behrens and Rosen 666-669.Schlesinger, Arthur Jr. What Great Books do for Children. Behrens and Rosen 617-618.Thompson, Smith. Universality of the Folktale. Behrens and Rosen 619-622.

Contrasting Silkos Yellow Woman and Chopins Story of an Hour :: comparison compare contrast essays

Contrasting Silkos Yellow charr and Chopins Story of an HourOn the surface, the protagonists of Silkos Yellow Woman and Chopins Story of an Hour seem to have little in common. Yet upon closer inspection, both stories relate tales of women who are repressed by the social tenets that plant their roles as wives.From the viewpoint of Western society, the narrator of Yellow Woman might be considered immoral for her willing sexual encounter with a stranger. However, the stories related by her grandfather of the Yellow Woman demonstrate within her culture a more accepting attitude of her brief interlude Yellow Woman went by with the spirit from the north and lived with him and his relatives. She was gone a long time, but then one day she came back and brought twin boys.(188) Her grandfather certainly liked weighty the stories and seems to have admired the Yellow Woman on some level. Other societies do non share the Western idea of moral sexual behavior. The Egyptian ruling class, for e xample, sometimes married brother to sister, and other cultures have incorporated fertility rites into their belief systems. Even within our own society, marriages to cousins, which are considered wrong today, were not uncommon in past centuries. Given that her attitude regarding sex and marriage might differ from the Western norm, the central conflict of the story seems to be the narrators longing for freedom to choose her own destiny versus her more Westernized view of her role as wife and mother, a role that is traditionally subservient to the husband in Western society. There is the sense that she finds her daily life dull, though perhaps not unhappy, and when a chance encounter turned sexual, she again takes on a subservient role to a male. Her inability to make sense of her conflicting feelings causes her to appear weak and lacking in character and portrays her in a prejudicial light.By contrast, Louise Mallard, the protagonist in Chopins Story of an Hour, is a moral woman a nd loving wife, at least by Western standards. Her life is be by the accepted social ideal of a husbands will as final. She is so inured to this concept that only upon hearing the news of his death does her square(a) feeling of something too subtle and elusive to name (199) come forth. What she acknowledges to herself is that her marriage is not happy for her and she often resents her subservient role and a kind designing or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime.

Essay --

1.MEANING OF FINAL ACCOUNTSFinal accounts refers to the final statements of accounts prepared in order to ascertain and report the result of the monetary activities of a businessAccounting for management, N.P Srinivasan & M. Sakthivel, foliate no.85. Trial balance establishes the accuracy of books of accounts. After preparing the trial balance, preparing final accounts is the next step. It includes Balance sheet, Profit and Loss account and Trading account. The Balance sheet would gives the financial position of the business, the Profit and loss account gives the net profit or loss earned and that of Trading account gives the gross profit earned or gross loss incurred. At the block up of the accounting year organization prepare final accounts to find out the financial position of the organization. i.e. Profit or Loss.2.TRADING ACCOUNTTrading accounting is an account prepared to ascertain the trading result of a business i.e. the gross profit earned or gross loss incurred from buying and selling of goods during a particular period. The excess of net sales total sales less returns over cost of goods sold is termed as gross profit. When the cost of goods sold is more than the net sales, the difference is termed as gross loss. The gross profit or loss is transferred to profit and loss account.Accounting for management, N.P Srinivasan & M. Sakthivel, foliate no.85. Form of trading a/c-TRADING ACCOUNT OF ____________ For the year endingDr. Cr.ParticularsAmount(Rs.)ParticularsAmount(Rs.)To Opening StockTo purchases ... ...transfer Net loss Capital a/c Dr. 4.BALANCE SHEETA balance sheet is defined as a statement drawn upon a given date, generally at the end of each accounting year, to measure the exact financial position of a business, setting for the various additions and liabilities of the concern at this date.On the left go through side of the balance sheet, the liabilities and capital are shown. On the right hand side, all the assets are shown .Therefore, the two sides of a balance sheet must of all time be equal. Otherwise, there is an error somewhere in the books of accounts. A properly drawn up balance sheet gives information relating to(a)the nature and value of asset(b)the nature and extent of liabilities(c)whether the firm is solvent and(d)whether the firm is over trading in short, it explains the financial condition of the concern.

Essay --

1.MEANING OF FINAL ACCOUNTSFinal accounts refers to the final statements of accounts neatend in establish to ascertain and report the result of the financial activities of a businessAccounting for management, N.P Srinivasan & M. Sakthivel, page no.85. Trial balance establishes the accuracy of books of accounts. After preparing the trial balance, preparing final accounts is the next step. It includes relaxation sheet, Profit and Loss account and Trading account. The Balance sheet would gives the financial position of the business, the Profit and blemish account gives the dismiss profit or loss earned and that of Trading account gives the unadulterated profit earned or gross loss incurred. At the end of the accounting year organization prepare final accounts to find out the financial position of the organization. i.e. Profit or Loss.2.TRADING ACCOUNTTrading accounting is an account prepared to ascertain the vocation result of a business i.e. the gross profit earned or gross loss incurred from buying and selling of goods during a particular period. The excess of net sales total sales less returns over cost of goods sold is termed as gross profit. When the cost of goods sold is more than the net sales, the difference is termed as gross loss. The gross profit or loss is transferred to profit and loss account.Accounting for management, N.P Srinivasan & M. Sakthivel, page no.85. Form of trading a/c-TRADING ACCOUNT OF ____________ For the year shutdownDr. Cr.ParticularsAmount(Rs.)ParticularsAmount(Rs.)To Opening StockTo purchases ... ...transfer Net loss Capital a/c Dr. 4.BALANCE SHEETA balance sheet is defined as a statement raddled upon a given date, gener aloney at the end of each accounting year, to measure the exac t financial position of a business, orbit for the various assets and liabilities of the concern at this date.On the left hand side of the balance sheet, the liabilities and capital are shown. On the right hand side, all the assets are shown .Therefore, the two sides of a balance sheet must always be equal. Otherwise, there is an error somewhere in the books of accounts. A properly drawn up balance sheet gives information relating to(a)the nature and value of asset(b)the nature and extent of liabilities(c)whether the firm is solvent and(d)whether the firm is over trading in short, it explains the financial condition of the concern.

Tragic Hero

Arthur Pendragon Fit For A male monarch? Arthur was crowned magnate not only at a young age scarce to a fault completely unexpectedly. Arthur did not ask to be fagot, he was still a child and did not feel he was worthy of such a position. Arthurs lack of confidence and trust in himself defines him as a king and his ability to see. Arthurs dependency on others proves to be King Arthurs sad flaw. As a child Arthur was brought up as Sir Kay, his foster brothers, Squire. He grew up serving to others demands, it was never necessary for him to make his own decisions. Arthur secure did what he was told and tried to please Sir Kay.This flaw commencement appears in the book The marque and the Circle, Sir Kay tried to take credit for pulling the sword out of the muffin when in reality Arthur had been the one to retrieve it. Sir Kay took all the glory and was going to allow him to be unjustly crowned. Arthur did not speak up or inquiry Kays story He did not receive the credit he dese rved until Sir Kay admitted to not being the one to have relinquished the sword. Even afterward Arthur was appointed king he did not make decisions on his own. He had Merlin by his side to help him. When Merlin left King Arthur to rule on his own Arthur did not know what to do.He was left in a state of uncertainty and fell into what seemed like depression. Also In the book The Sword and the Circle, Arthur discovers the love affair between Lancelot and his wife, Guinevere, and punishes them both but Lancelot ends up rescuing Guinevere. Sir Lancelot asks for King Arthurs forgiveness and as much as Arthur would like to Gawain ordain not allow him to accept the apology. Later Sir Mordred and Sir Gawain convince Arthur to go to war against Lancelot. This leads to the splitting of the Knights of the Round Table and the battle between Sir Mordred and King Arthur, which eventually lead to King Arthurs death.If Arthur had stood by his decision and was not so easily convinced by Gawain the battle could have been avoided and Arthur could have changed the course of his and his kingdoms fate. On many other accounts King Arthurs decisions depended on the influence of others, this being one of his tragical flaws can be held accountable for the downfall of King Arthur and his Kingdom. Although technically Arthur was born to be king he did not possess the attributes to be one. He had to compensate in other ways to make up for his weakness, but overall this personality fluke immobilizes Arthur from becoming the great king he had the potential to be.Tragic Hero* Macbeth as a tragic hero question In Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Macbeth who is the main character is a tragic hero that suffers from Hamartia which is ambition in Macbeths character and that leads him to his downfall, A tragic hero character according to Aristotle must be moral, have virtues and suffers from Hamartia which is a flaw in character that eventually leads to his defeat and downfall at the end of the play. Macbeth is a great person who was a brave warrior in addition a great leader who won several wars for his king as the dramatist shows him in the first pages of the play.Macbeth is great physically and morally, in one hand his physical skills achieved in the battle scenes as the dramatist shows him as a brave warrior who always achieve victory to his country besides he was called Brave Macbeth and Belladonnas bride groom, in the other hand Duncan his king well-likes, trusts and respects him because of his moral greatness and kindness and thats what makes his wife Lady Macbeth affirmed that he is morally great when she says he is the too full of the take out of human kinds.Ambition is the tragic flaw / Hamartia of Macbeth which leads to his defeat he was affected by the prophecies of the three witches. However the first prophecy of the three witches fulfilled and that Macbeth will be the Thane of Cawdor this was the first step for Macbeth to be ambition to the idea o f becoming a king.Here begins the evil side of Macbeth to show as he changes from being a noble man to evil one, he has virtues and morals at the beginning of the play and he was honourable man who was respected and admired by his king and then he became an evil man who want to do anything just to take the crown for himself and be the king instead of Duncan, this clarify that he is witting of what he has done and he committed the tragic mistake opened eyed.In addition his wife Lady Macbeth was very interested in becoming a Queen so she starts to encourages and convinces him to decide upon a solution which can makes them be a King and Queen, she succeed in convincing him that his fate is to be the king, which make him kill the king Duncan, that shows the character of Lady Macbeth as a very ambition woman who was determine that Macbeth must be the king. After Macbeth committed the first crime of killing the kind Duncan Macbeths character begin to overthrow and he starts to become ups et from the idea that he become a murderer and he begin to say that all he water in the world cannot wash Duncan blood of his hands, this shows that he starts to realize the guilt that has been done by him and the crime affected him that he starts to imagine Duncans murder scene over and over which shows the reversal of his character and that he didnt care to the highest degree the consequences of the crime at the beginning but now he realize what hes done was terrible, besides after he killed Banquo half of him wishes that he had never done the murders and the other half tells him that he already committed the crimes and he cannot go back and whats done cannot be undone.

Hamlet Review Essay

Primary Characters* hamlet- indecisive, isolates himself, plans his antic disposition * Claudius- murder of King small town, Hamlets uncle and stepfather, guilty * Ophelia- Poloniuss daughter, Hamlets love, drowns Secondary Characters* Horatio- Hamlets friend* Polonius- protective of Ophelia, believes Hamlet is affected by Ophelias love * Gertrude- Hamlets mother and the faery* Laertes- Poloniuss son and Ophelias brother, wants to deplete Hamlet after Ophelia dies Point of view and other notable techniquesMost people believe that Hamlet was scripted in the 3rd person point of view. However, some literary critics argue that Shakespeares characters possess individuality too great to be bound down the stairs a fixed point of view. Like actual people, they act with intentions we cannot completely comprehend. This lack of fixed point of view allows the work to be up to interpretation, as it has been analyzed in a variety of ways. Shakespeare embodies various structural, literary, and stylistic techniques in his play. He often switches among the use of blank verse and prose when dealing with his divers(prenominal) characters. He also uses iambic pentameter through verboten the play.Examples of this can be most easily found in Hamlets To be or not to be monologue in Act III. Favorite stylistic techniques of Shakespeare include soliloquy, particularly those uttered by Hamlet throughout the play (the To be or not to be soliloquy remains one of the most famous in English literature). He also uses various allusions to both biblical and fab references throughout Hamlet, including a reference to the Garden of Eden in the Ghost of Hamlets fathers graphic description of his murder. Imagery is another(prenominal) favorite technique of Shakespeare, as he uses his words to paint images of violence, chaos, beauty, and darkness. The language of Shakespeare is in a class of its own, as the disused English text he employs throughout the play reflect his own unique manner o f writing.Major conflicts and resolutions* Hamlet vs. His inner self- Hamlet struggles between action and inaction throughout the whole play. Is inability to act out what he feels and kill Claudius ultimately leads to his death. * Hamlet vs. Claudius, Polonius, Ophelia & Laertes Hamlet has many external conflicts with the other characters that stem from his internal conflict. The conflict between Claudius and Hamlet leads to both of their deaths. Hamlet kills Polonius out of a fit of insanity. Ophelia and Hamlet seem to have various problems, (as seen by the nunnery scene) and in the end Ophelia ends up leaving insane and drowning. After Ophelia dies, Laertes wants to seek revenge. He and Hamlet fence and because of a mix up of swords, he is poisoned by his own sword.Key Scenes* A great turning point in Hamlet is within rising action. The ghost tells hamlet to revenge his murder. Hamlet finds out that it is Claudius, but Hamlet does not kill Claudius because he is in prayer. * Th e climax of Hamlet is when Hamlet stabs Polonius through the curtain. (IIIv). This is the climax because since he violently killed Polonius, Hamlets gets into conflicts with the world-beater. * The resolution is when Hamlet returns from England, changed. Hamlet eventually has a shut in match with Laertes and accordingly the royal family dies and so does Hamlet. (V.).Key Quotations* Though yet of Hamlet our dear brothers death/ The memory be greens (I.ii.1-25) * Claudius annexresses his court explaining the death of the King and his marriage to Gertrude. * This above all,to thine own self be originalAnd it must follow, as the night the day,Thou canst not then be false to any man (I.iii.78-80)* Polonius speaks these words to Laertes as he gives him final counsel to begin with leaving home.* To be or not to be(III.i. 58-90)* In this famous soliloquy, Hamlet ponders life and death, suicide and the afterlife, as well as action and inaction. * Not where he eats, but where he is eat en. A true convocation of politic worms are een at him. Your worm is your only emperor for diet. We fat all creatures else to fatus, and we fat ourselves for maggots. Your fat king and your lean beggar is but variable servicetwo dishes, but to one table. Thats the end. (IV.iii.21) * Hamlet says this to the king. In this humorous scene, he speaks of Poloniuss death. numerous think that the manner in which he speaks of the death in these lines prove his insanity.* The rest is silence (V.ii.356)* Hamlets last words spoken to Horatio before he diesTheme statements & central questionsAfter losing a loved one unjustifiably, one may seek revenge and in doing so explore the limits of sanity.* why does Hamlet delay in killing Claudius?* Was the ghost real or imagined?* When is murder justifiable?* Is suicide okay?* How a great deal thought is too much thought and not enough action? Your reactions* I found the soliloquy in Hamlet the most difficult sections of the play to comprehend, parti cularly due to the old English style in which they were written in. Shakespeares dated language and implementation of iambic pentameter often confused me, as did his various allusions and colloquialisms, among other literary thingamajigs throughout these extended monologues. I had to re-read the To be or not to be soliloquy until I was finally able to understand it. Shakespeare reveals of his characters inmost demons and troubles through his soliloquy, bringing their emotional instability full circle. Realizing this made me strive even harder to understand every aspect of these speeches, every allusion and image and literary device was crucial, even though it appears to be insignificant in the scheme of things.The details truly matter in his works. * Personally, the this above all quote is one of my favorite quotes. Polonius may have been a fool for trying to teach Laertes this lesson at the last possible moment before his departure, but his words are bright ones. Through personal experience I have found truth behind the advice and hold it very close. Ive discovered that if I remain true to myself and am honest with myself, it is virtually impossible to be false to others.Ill always remember these famous words. * One aspect of Hamlet that really stood out to me was the scenes of the ghost. I personally believe that the ghost telling Hamlet to remember him and revenge his fathers death, was actually within the imagination of Hamlet himself. on that point is no evidence in the play that suggests that the ghost is all in Hamlets mind, however, there is no evidence against it, thus making it an potent claim. Notable literary devices* Shakespeares use of tone creates a unique and completely entertaining style of dialogue for the play. The tone uses imagery and diction to add meaning to the text and make the play sad, funny, dark, or even violent at times. * Shakespeare uses poetry in Hamlet and it is written in Iambic Pentameter. Hamlet, having been written in poetry, is portrayed beautifully and because of the meter, is executed properly. * The use of symbols is evident in Hamlet. The skull and the ghost are obvious symbols of death. However, other symbols can be analyzed like Ophelia and flowers, or Ophelia and innocence. Hamlet can be looked at as the tragic hero, and many characters have symbolism behind them. soundly for the following promptsThis text would be best implemented in either an analysis or an argument prompt. For the analysis prompt, the student would be presented with a get around excerpt from Hamlet and be required to discuss different techniques the author uses throughout the passage, connecting back to the overall meaning of the work as a whole. whatever selection from Hamlet highlights Shakespeares use of iambic pentameter, as well as his mastery of imagery and allusions. An argument prompt requires the student to analyze a given position in said argument, and either defend, challenge, or qualify the position usin g their own knowledge of the work.Anything goes with this prompt, so a total reason of the various interpretations of Hamlet is necessary to succeed. Students must develop their own interpretation of the work and pinpoint elements in the work that contribute to their understanding of it. Hamlet would be an excellent choice when faced with any prompt dealing with revenge, avenging the death of a loved one, insanity, or family values, a few of the central themes of Shakespeares work.

Gay Marriage Essay

Marriage as defined by Chambers 21st Century Dictionary is unmatched(a) the state or relationship of organism husband and wife, ii the profess or legal contract of becoming husband and wife and three the civil or religious ceremony during which this act is performed a wedding. Gay wedding deviatey has been a issuing that has been discussed in the United States for several years now. You cook flock that pass water dissimilar viewpoints on how they thumb about jovial marriage more so the big question everyone argues is whether it is recompense or prostitute.We will be discussing gay marriage in this make-up foc development on the good problems this issue faces. We will look at gay marriage from the deontology theory and then contract the theory from the relativism, emotivism and ethical self- charmking theory. Lastly I will discuss which of these views I discussed is closer to my view on gay marriage. Growing up I was always told marriage is surrounded by a man and a cleaning lady and that perfection wants us to be married and be fruitful and multiply, fruitful meaning having children. This is manything that I was told by my parents, grandparents and the church.I chose to discuss gay marriage because it is re everyy something that I consider conflicting feelings about based on what I think is in effect(p) and what I have been told is right, when I was growing up as a young child in a Christian environment. Many Christians quote that God found it insufferable for said(prenominal) devolve on relations to bugger off place, because it is unconventional. Furthermore, God created woman for man and man for woman, not woman for woman or man for man, as verbalize in the book of Genesis. You have polls that have been conducted where people still think that gay marriage is wrong.Then religion may be one of the most contr all oversial issues regarding gay marriage, many religions find gay marriage to be immoral and a sin. I think that same sex m arriage should be allowed although many of my family and friends wouldnt agree with my choice. I look at the issue same any other issue that our country has faced like women suffrage and slavery. I dont think a couple should be discriminated or get acrossed unfairly just because of their sexual preference.The United States of the States Constitute states that all men are created equal and have certain unalienable rights. Thomas Jefferson offered as his examples of such rights life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (Mosser, 2010). So shouldnt same sex couples be allowed to have those same rights, shouldnt they be able to enjoy the life of an Ameri foot dream that we all aim to achieve. By not being able to pursue these rights we could look at this as a violation of the Constitution. This can present an ethical problem for same sex marriage. Deontology ethics claims that the way to decide if an action is moral is to examine the intentions.Mosser writes that deontology looks at the reason for which an act is done, and the rule according to which one chooses to act. Deontology doesnt deny that acts have consequences rather, it insists that those consequences should not play a role in our moral evaluation of such acts (Mosser, 2010). Any time thither is an ethical issue there is an ethical problem to follow that issue. First ethical problem we will look at is gay parenting. Many people believe that children being elevated by gay parents will unclothe them of normal development. Many Americans believe gay men and lesbians should not have or adopt children and that children would not develop the right way with homosexual parents, although research has shown that same-gender couples are as nurturing and capable of parental obligations as other couples. (Avery, Chase, Johansson, Litvak, Montero, & Wydra, 2007). In the article Children Raised, 2001 a study of 55 children19 raised by lesbian couples, 10 by single mothers, and 26 by heterosexual couplesfound un iformity among the categories vis-a-vis social skills, well-being, and academic performance.I feel as long as a child is being raise by people who love them whether they are male or egg-producing(prenominal) and if they are being raised by a same sex couple the love the child would get from both parents wont deprive them of any development deprivation. Although many children may experience some form of negativity from other people like classmates or people who may be against gay marriage. You might hear sometimes how children dont understand why their parents cant be married or they treated indifferently or talked about because their parents are gay.Another problem we have is with control. Society deems that is okay for a heterosexual couple to be out in human race hugging and kissing each other in public. You have some cities or states that may prohibit this action for homosexual couples. Society sees this as wrong and I think that is why you have a lot of people who are afraid t o come out and conjecture that they are gay. Nowadays people are just a little more open to discuss their sexuality as before they were not because they were afraid of the repercussion that they may face.It is unconstipated worst for those who are in high power position like celebrities, government officials or people who may be well known end-to-end the community, as soon as they reveal that they may be gay it is plastered all over the news media, social networking sites and various magazines. It is really detrimental when they articulate oh this person was out intromiting hands or seen kissing his partner out in public. It is easier if you pass along in a state that is more receptive to this like California, New York and Massachusetts. You really wont see this behavior being favored in the Bible belt (the south).My thing is leave them alone if they chose that lifestyle that is their choice, they should be allowed like any other person in this country to freely walk out in p ublic and hold hands and share a kiss. Now some other problem is that some people believe that a same-sex couple raising children could destroy the family and social downplay that our society currently accepts with an verso-sex couple. I think a child could still develop normally when they are provided the same love and nurturing necessities of life when provided by either couple whether gay or straight.A child needs love and encouragement to grow and flourish as an individual and that can be provided by people whether gay or straight. The environment a person is raised in does contribute to the type of person that they become, if they are receiving love, support and being nurtured by a gay couple its no different than opposite couples. Couples whether gay or straight will have that invite to teach a child what is wrong and what is right in life. As a child spend time with family members whether, gay or straight this will be part of the development process to teach a child who they are.I think a child growing up in a same-sex marriage or relationship will allow a child to learn tolerance and acceptance. They will be more prone to accepting things that others may not and be able to tolerate things more than others, cause having a child in an opposite-sex marriage or relationship they may not learn those same set as much as the other person. Same sex marriage would benefit children by increasing the durability and stability of their parents relationship.This will also clear increased social acceptable of and support for same-sex families, although those communities that meet gay marriage with rejection or hostility might not materialize. There really is no register that heterosexual couples are any more effective than same-sex couples at raising children. Religion is another ethical problem that we must(prenominal) look at when it comes to gay marriage. Religion as defined by Collins English dictionary is belief in, worship of, or obedience to a superna tural power or powers to be divine or to have control of human destiny.Two any formal or institutionalized expression of such belief the Christian religion. Lastly the attitude and feeling of one who believes in a transcendent controlling power or powers. Religion teaches us to believe in beau ideal or God or whoever we may believe in, it also teaches us kindness towards others, patience, tolerance and many other things to help us in our unremarkable lives. Religion also teaches us to be able to accept other that may not be the same as us. Some people, including Christians, Jews, Catholics, eticbelieve that it is wrong for people of the same sex to have a loving relationship with each other.I think each religion might have different encounteration on the teachings that is in the Bible, once religion ay interpret a section of the Bible one why while another will interpret that same section a different way. Does it might either religion right or wrong? No, it doesnt it is one perso n interpretation over another. Growing up in a Christian environment it was quoted from the Bible that God found it unacceptable for same-sex relations to take place, because it is lustful and wrong. Then it says that God created man for woman and woman for man not man for man or woman for woman.As a Christian many people say that the primary purpose of marriage is procreation to be fruitful and multiple and that cannot take place in a gay marriage. Equal protection is another problem. The federal government responsibility is to protect and keep all citizens safe, this includes protection under the law. Religion has played a factor in influencing the votes of government officials to check into equal protection under the law for heterosexuals but not for homosexuals. Bickford states that religious views continuously look down on homosexuality and condemn it.These views continue to influence the American government and the choices made when voting on laws for equal protection. Our go vernment was formed on the basis of separation of church and state but some people are not able to accept that. So why is our government so influenced by religious organization in dictating what action they should take when it comes to voting on these laws? I dont know if they fear that they would be retaliated against or loose support or funding from religious organizations.I know everyone is entitled to their own religious beliefs but to allow those beliefs to harm citizens in our country is unacceptable and it isnt right. These actions cause hatred to spread passim our country because of that. The government says that every citizen of the United States shall receive equal rights. Now why did the government pass out the defense of marriage act? The falsification of Marriage Act prohibits the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages. I think this act is immoral and unfair because it restricts the rights of gay and lesbian citizens.This act should not have been passe d because there really isnt a reason to justify that act. Mosser states The deontologist argues that we have a duty, or an obligation, to treat other people with respect human beings have dignity, and we must take that dignity into consideration when dealing with them. (We also expect others to respect our dignity when they deal with us. ) As the most famous deontologist, Immanuel Kant (17241804), put the point, we should never treat another person only as a means to our ends, or goals, but should regard them as ends in themselves.In other words, I cant simply use a person to get what I want nor can someone use me to get what he or she wants. We have to consider that other persons needs and desires, respect them, and try to avoid violating them (Mosser, 2010). The deontologist in this aspect would resolve gay marriage as stating that all human beings should be treated equally. They are human beings so they should be treated the same way that others are being treated. If a woman and a man is able to marry then a man and a man or a woman and a woman should have that same option.A deontologist would also argue that a person shouldnt be treated differently just because of their sexual preferences. Deontology is like living your life by a set of rules. Now the rules can be used to push yourself into doing the right thing, even if youd rather not. Now this would help by facial expression gay marriage is right and it is the right thing to do for same-sex couples, however there will always be exceptions, and this is where the theory falls flat on its face. You will always have someone who will debate this theory.Relativism is the idea that ones beliefs and values are understood in terms of ones society, culture, or even ones own individual values. (Mosser, 2010). Now relativism on the other hand would say for gay marriage that whats wrong for gay marriage is not necessarily wrong for someone else. Therefore, you have no right to tell two men or two women that they ca nnot marry, just because you feel personally that it is wrong. What you believe and hold as true is not necessary what someone else believes and holds as true.Relativism would argue that same-sex couples ould argue that marriage is right because this is what they believe in it is part of their values and beliefs. Relativism says that no matter how you argue a point even if every point is completely proven you cannot modification someones beliefs. This will not work because it is their belief based on how they were raised, religion or even their social influences. I feel that at people whether heterosexual or homosexual should be afforded the same rights under the law of our Constitution. I just wish people would put their differences to the side when it comes to this topic about gay marriage.What really makes me upset is Christian people that I know in my family and at the church they are so quick to say someone else and say it isnt right but I am quick to remind them that we are all sinners. Even though you may not like the lifestyle someone chose to leave you cant make that person change who they are. If they chose to be with another man or another woman that is their prerogative. Then they are so quick to get upset with the government when it comes to these issues. Everyone wants to bring church into politics.I really thing that is a sticky federal agency and it is so tough given the country that we live in because of the diversity that our country has experienced. I just feel that if someone choses and wants to marry someone from the opposite sex let them. I would say the theory that closely match my belief given the two that I discussed is relativism. I dont see how gay marriage would bring harm to children that are being raised by gay parents. I dont think same-sex couples should be strip of certain benefits or rights because of their sexual orientation.In the article in USA today for gay marriage it states But preventing gay parents from marrying hu rts their kids, as does denying them equal rights to policy and Social Security benefits, says Aimee Gelnaw, executive director of the Family Pride Coalition (Elias, 2004). Why should we deny them these rights that they should be entitled to? If two people want to get married, incomplete society nor the government should be involved. Religion should stop having such a big influence of political policies and the deeper the donation the more they lean towards pleasing that accompaniment religion.As stated earlier our Countrys constitution allows for the pursuit of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Nothing gives one person the right to decide what is wrong and what is right when it comes to same-sex couples. What would it be like if the Constitution only allowed certain types of people to be married like only people who tall and has blond pilus or black hair. What if they put some stipulation that only whites can marry or only blacks. I am sure that would cause an demoral ize and scram discrimination.See this is what happens when our government puts limitations on its citizens. This papers has identified some of the ethical problems with gay marriage we have examined what gay marriage is like using the deontology and theory and contrasted it with the relativism theory. I am not gay but I think that a person should be able to choose who they want to be with. I dont think they should be discriminated against, and at the end of the day it is their choice who they decide they want a relationship with, whether it be a person of the same or opposite sex.Society is so caught up in being in everyone business and who is doing what we want to tell people this is the right way to live or you should do things this way because it is right. Who is to say what that something might be better or right for someone else? Lets stop forcing our values and beliefs on others and allow people to be who there are. If they are Christian and they are gay or whatever religion t hey may be I say leave that between them and their god we should not be the ones judging or condemning them because of something that they believe in or desire. We are no better than the next person.

Females and males had equal but complementary roles in traditional Aboriginal life Essay

The purpose of this report is to show that wowork force and men shared many roles in Traditional Australian primitive life. It is acknowledged that men and women were given equal and accompanimentary roles when it came to ceremonies, catch and forum, raising and initiating the children, building shelter and throughout the leadership hierarchy. This is proved through evidence collected and presented in the following paragraphs. The roles of both(prenominal) men and women were important and neither was thought to be as more significant than the other.While men had certain roles and women had other roles, they complemented each other which do day to day life easier and more bearable for the congregation. There were many different types of ceremonies performed by the Australian Aboriginals. Some ceremonies performed were initiation ceremonies, funeral ceremonies, cleansing ceremonies and ceremonies to great other tribes or groups of Australian aboriginals onto their impose. Duri ng initiation ceremonies, youth male childs and girls begin the journey to become a man or woman.They are oft taken away from the group and left hand in the bush to be shown and taught by the elders. The elders lead drumhead on the laws relating to their country, spiritual belief and the role and obligations they have within the tribe. 1 This ceremony is performed by both men and women and each role they play complements the other. While men look after the young boys and women look after the young girls, without their roles complementing each other, neither group would be able to co-exist. In funeral ceremonies, both men and women elders would smoke out a house where a person may have died.This is to rid their biotic community of the potential of the deceaseds bad spirits coming back. They also find the last place the deceased person was and smoke it for the same reason. 2 During this ceremony, they would much cut open their own flesh to show their pain and sorrow because on e of them had passed. They sung and danced to ensure the deceaseds spirit had left to harvest-home to its birth place where it was to be reborn into the world. 3Without both the men and women complementing each other throughout this ceremony, they would not be able to be performed.Aboriginal heap believe that when a person dies, their spirit goes back to the Dreaming Ancestors in the land. This is only possible if certain ceremonies and rituals are performed. They used dances and special songs in time of death or mourning periods. It is also thought that when a person dies they are one with the land again, so often, the aboriginal group will filch the area that a group member died. It is unsure whether this is out of respect or out of fear that the spirit will return and haunt them. They will return to the place sometime within a year and bury the bones of their dead group member.All other ceremonies that are performed by the Australian Aboriginals were able to be performed by b oth male and female members of the group. Some also include other groups or tribes. It is known that the Australian Aboriginals were avid hunters. They had a very deep knowledge of their land and believe they were born of it. They also had great knowledge of water sources and seasonal changes which affect the type of food promptly available to them. They were knowledgeable about certain foods which were poisonous to them and knew when and how to avoid them should they ever come across these foods.Both males and females made different but complementary contributions when it came to hunting and gathering. The roles of both men and women were complementary in that they worked together to gather food to prepare a meal. Women gathered things such as vegetables, eggs, honey, roots, fruit, and small reptiles such as snakes and goannas. Mostly, the men hunted larger animals such as emus and kangaroos as well as birds. 4 The preparing of such foods was done by both the men and women. It is believed that women were the main carers of young children in traditional Australian Aboriginal society.However, during initiation, the men took over the role of caring for the young boy so they could be taught the laws of the land. When a young boy was roughly six years of age, he would go and join the male adults to learn about hunting and food gathering while the young girls would extend with the women to learn about different things such as child bearing, child rearing and food gathering 5 Because of a combination of nomadic lifestyle and the regions prosperous climate, aboriginal people believed there was no need to build shelters or dwellings.The shelter that was used in permanent camps consisted in a frame made from saplings, or reliable branches, covered with materials that were available locally such as leafy branches or sheets of bark. In some areas the covering of the shelter was sheets of soft paperbark, which were pulled bug out from trees. In other areas they used bushes and leafy branches instead because the bark was not available. Australia has such a mild climate, most of the time, they would sleep in the open, and heat energy was often provided by a fire or two.They would sometimes be accompanied by a dingo or camp dog, which would also provide warmth to the man or women who it slept beside. During the wetter and colder seasons, they sometimes used closed dome-shaped shelters which were made with a frame of different sized sticks bent over, which joined in the core to make the dome shape. They were not very big, standing between one and two metres tall. The frame for these was covered with whatever materials that could be found locally such as sheets of bark, layers of soft grass and leaves. 6 Both men and women would collect and assemble the shelters used as well as the campfire.Sometimes they had daytime fires which needed shield from the wind, so they used bushes and branches as a windbreak. Women would gather the leafy branches an d bark that is needed to make the roof while the men would gather the saplings and/or the straight branches used to make the frame. Another form of shelter used when available was small or shallow caves that were often hidden behind rocks or bushes. These provided innate(p) shelter for the nomadic Australian Aboriginals. 7 Both men and women had various roles when it comes to leadership in the Aboriginal culture.Both genders would contribute in leading ceremonies, tribal or group meetings and hunting parties. Although it is often shown that men have the main role of being an elder, women also were elders. Elders were leaders of the group who shared knowledge of the laws surrounding the land and how each member of the group intertwines with another. Elders are valuable members of each aboriginal tribe or group as they bring the wealth of knowledge and pass it down generation to generation. While male elders bring knowledge of hunting bigger animals, laws of the land and initiation, female elders bring knowledge of child irth, food gathering and child rearing. The knowledge used by both male and female members of the group helps them to become one with the land. In conclusion, in Traditional Australian Aboriginal life men and women were proven to share roles and complement each other through various ways. Through raising children, hunting and gathering, ceremonies and in leadership they complement each others roles so that the tribe or group can exist harmoniously. While men seem to have the main role throughout the Australian Aboriginal culture, it has now been proven that without the complementary role of women, the group would not continue to coexist.

Intermediate accounting Essay

1. Distinguish between perpetual and periodic bloodline system. Why conduct physical farm animal? When should, if any a physical arsenal count on occur?Perpetual inventory system is a system for find the cost of goods sold by keeping continuous records of the physical inventory as goods ar bought and sold. In other words, under the perpetual inventory system records are kept of the quantity and usually the cost of individual contingents of inventory throughout the year, as items are bought and sold. The cost of goods sold is recorded as goods are transferred to customers, and the inventory balance is kept current throughout the year, as items are bought and sold. The physical inventory is important because it is an actual amount of all merchandise on hand at the end of an accounting period.The actual physical count of the product must occur after the Pre-Physical Inventory update is run. It means that zero(prenominal)movements of the product put forward occur until after th e actual count is done. In other words the product is frozen until a physical count is done on the item. After the actual count the movement of the individual item within the product group can resume while other products are being count. In periodic inventory system, it is a system for determining the cost of goods sold by deducting the ending inventory (based on a physical count of the inventory) from the beginning inventory plus total purchases over the period.2. nonphysical pluss have two main characteristics. They lack physical existence and they are not financial instruments. Costs incurred internally to create intangibles are generally expensed as incurred. Explain the procedure for amortizing intangible as settles.Intangible assets are a long-term assets that have no physical substance but have a nurse based on rights or privileges that accrue to the owner. Intangible assetsdont have the obvious physical value of afactory or equipment they can prove very valuable for a fir m and can be critical to its long-term success or failure. For example, a company such as Coca-Cola wouldnt be nearly assuccessful was it not for the high value obtained through its brand-name recognition. Although brand recognition is not a physical asset you can see or touch, its positive effects on bottom-line profits can prove extremely valuable to firms such as Coca-Cola, whose brand military force drives global sales year after year.In FASB STATEMENT NO. 142, the useful animateness of certain intangible assets is difficult to judge, particularly assets that involve contract or other legally set terms. Companies use the useful life of assets to guide their decisions on whether or not to amortize them on their financial statements.The mainstay factor in determining whether to amortize an other intangible asset is its useful life. If it is indefinite, the asset is not amortized. Although the question of whether an assets useful life is definite or indefinite may seem straightf orward, certain intangiblesparticularly those that are a result of contracted or other legally set termsare difficult to judge. Prior to the issuance of FASB Statement no. 142, the maximum useful life of an intangible asset was 40 years. Could an asset a company was amortizing over a useful life of less than 40 years now have an indefinite life under Statement no. 142?The answer is maybe. Prior to its implementation companies may not have taken all of the three criteria in Statement no. 142renewability, costs and modificationsinto account in making amortization decisions. Further, it was not an option for an asset to have an indefinite useful life, regardless of how a company evaluated the criteria before Statement no. 142. The square up was 40 years. The bottom line? Even those intangibles that werent assigned the full 40-year useful life prior to Statement no. 142 should be evaluated against the statements criteria. They may have indefinite useful lives as well.Referenceshttp//ww w.sdc.on.ca/sdc6/help/Physical%20Inventory%20Process.htmJennefer M. Mueller. Journal of Accountancy Amortization of Certain Intangible Assets.DECEMBER 2004 / Volume 198, sum up 6.

Quality of Work Life Essay

Quality of usage life (QWL) is viewed as an selection to the control approach of managing people. The QWL approach considers people as an asset to the organization rather than as costs. It believes that people per grad better when they ar allowed to participate in managing their work and make decisions. This approach motivates people by satisfying not solo their sparing needs but in addition their amicable and psychological ones. To satisfy the new generation workforce, organizations need to concentrate on job designs and organization of work. Further, at onces workforce is realizing the importance of relationships and is trying to charter a balance between career and personal lives.Successful organizations support and provide facilities to their people to assist them to balance the scales. In this process, organizations are coming up with new and innovative ideas to meliorate the quality of work and quality of work life of every item-by-item in the organization. Various p rograms like flex time, alternative work schedules, compressed work weeks, telecommuting etc., are being tangleed by these organizations. Technological advances upgrade help organizations to implement these programs successfully.Organizations are enjoying the fruits of implementing QWL programs in the form of increased productivity, and an efficient, satisfied, and committed workforce which aims to achieve organizational objectives. The future work world result also have more women entrepreneurs and they will encourage and adopt QWL programs. Quality of Working Life is a term that had been used to describe the broader job-related experience an soul has. Whilst in that respect has, for many years, been much research into job mirth and, more recently, an interest has arisen into the broader concepts of stress and subjective well-being, the precise nature of the relationship between these concepts has still been pocket-size explored. Stress at work is often considered in isolati on, wherein it is assessed on the basis that maintenance to an individualistics stress management skills or the sources of stress will prove to provide a good plentiful basis for heartive intervention.Alternatively, job triumph may be assessed, so that action can be relegaten which will enhance an individuals performance. Somewhere in all this, there is often an awareness of the greater context, whereupon the home-work context is considered, for example, and other factors, such(prenominal) as an individuals personal characteristics, and the broader economic or cultural climate, might be seen as relevant. In this context, subjective well-being is seen as lottery upon both work and non-work aspects of life. However, more interlacing models of an individuals experience in the workplace often appear to be set aside in an endeavor to simplify the process of trying to measuring stick stress or some similarly apparently discrete entity. It may be, however, that the consideration of the bigger, more complex picture is essential, if targeted, effective action is to be interpreted to address quality of operative life or any of its sub-components in such a mien as to produce real benefits, be they for the individual or the organization.Quality of functional life has been differentiated from the broader concept of Quality of life. To some degree, this may be overly simplistic, as Elizur and Shye,(1990) concluded that quality of work performance is affected by Quality of Life as well as Quality of working life. However, it will be argued here that the specific attention to work-related aspects of quality of life is valid. Whilst Quality of Life has been more widely studied , Quality of working life, stay relatively unexplored and unexplained. A review of the literary productions reveals relatively little on quality of working life. Where quality of working life has been explored, writers differ in their views on its core constituents.It is argued that the wh ole is greater than the sum of the parts as regards Quality of working Life, and, therefore, the failure to attend to the bigger picture may rail to the failure of interventions which tackle only one aspect. A clearer understanding of the inter-relationship of the various facets of quality of working life offers the opportunity for improved analysis of cause and effect in the workplace.This consideration of Quality of working Life as the greater context for various factors in the workplace, such as job satisfaction and stress, may offer opportunity for more efficient interventions in the workplace. The effective targeting of stress reduction, for example, may otherwise prove a hopeless task for employers pressured to take action to meet governmental requirements.Objectives of the consumeTo study the Quality of work life of employees in Gabriel ltd, Hosur.To find out how Quality of work life leads to in high spirits satisfaction.To know the working conditions of the employees.To know how far the recourse measures develops/improves the Quality of work life.To know the workers participation in the company.To examine how the Training & Development program helps to improve the individuals. To know whether the welfare activities and other benefits helps to bring a better Quality of work life. To suggest suitable measures to improve the quality of work life.To find out the major areas of dissatisfaction if any, and provide valuable suggestions improving the employees satisfaction in those areas.To analyze the findings and suggestion for the study.Quality of Work LifeQuality of work life (QWL) is viewed as an alternative to the control approach of managing people. The QWL approach considers people as an asset to the organization rather than as costs. It believes that people perform better when they are allowed to participate in managing their work and make decisions. This approach motivates people by satisfying not only their economic needs but also their socia l and psychological ones. To satisfy the new generation workforce, organizations need to concentrate on job designs and organization of work. Further, todays workforce is realizing the importance of relationships and is trying to strike a balance between career and personal lives.Successful organizations support and provide facilities to their people to help them to balance the scales. In this process, organizations are coming up with new and innovative ideas to improve the quality of work and quality of work life of every individual in the organization. Various programs like flex time, alternative work schedules, compressed work weeks, telecommuting etc., are being adopted by these organizations. Technological advances further help organizations to implement these programs successfully.Organizations are enjoying the fruits of implementing QWL programs in the form of increased productivity, and an efficient, satisfied, and committed workforce which aims to achieve organizational obj ectives. The future work world will also have more women entrepreneurs and they will encourage and adopt QWL programs. Quality of Working Life is a term that had been used to describe the broader job-related experience an individual has. Whilst there has, for many years, been much research into job satisfaction and, more recently, an interest has arisen into the broader concepts of stress and subjective well-being, the precise nature of the relationship between these concepts has still been little explored. Stress at work is often considered in isolation, wherein it is assessed on the basis that attention to an individuals stress management skills or the sources of stress will prove to provide a good enough basis for effective intervention.Alternatively, job satisfaction may be assessed, so that action can be taken which will enhance an individuals performance. Somewhere in all this, there is often an awareness of the greater context, whereupon the home-work context is considered, f or example, and other factors, such as an individuals personal characteristics, and the broader economic or cultural climate, might be seen as relevant. In this context, subjective well-being is seen as drawing upon both work and non-work aspects of life. However, more complex models of an individuals experience in the workplace often appear to be set aside in an endeavor to simplify the process of trying to measuring stress or some similarly apparently discrete entity. It may be, however, that the consideration of the bigger, more complex picture is essential, if targeted, effective action is to be taken to address quality of working life or any of its sub-components in such a way as to produce real benefits, be they for the individual or the organization.Quality of working life has been differentiated from the broader concept of Quality of life. To some degree, this may be overly simplistic, as Elizur and Shye,(1990) concluded that quality of work performance is affected by Qualit y of Life as well as Quality of working life. However, it will be argued here that the specific attention to work-related aspects of quality of life is valid. Whilst Quality of Life has been more widely studied , Quality of working life, remains relatively unexplored and unexplained. A review of the literature reveals relatively little on quality of working life. Where quality of working life has been explored, writers differ in their views on its core constituents.It is argued that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts as regards Quality of working Life, and, therefore, the failure to attend to the bigger picture may lead to the failure of interventions which tackle only one aspect. A clearer understanding of the inter-relationship of the various facets of quality of working life offers the opportunity for improved analysis of cause and effect in the workplace.This consideration of Quality of working Life as the greater context for various factors in the workplace, such as job satisfaction and stress, may offer opportunity for more cost-effective interventions in the workplace. The effective targeting of stress reduction, for example, may otherwise prove a hopeless task for employers pressured to take action to meet governmental requirements.Objectives of the studyTo study the Quality of work life of employees in Gabriel ltd, Hosur. To find out how Quality of work life leads to high satisfaction. To know the working conditions of the employees. To know how far the safety measures develops/improves the Quality of work life. To know the workers participation in the company. To examine how the Training & Development program helps to improve the individuals. To know whether the welfare activities and other benefits helps to bring a better Quality of work life. To suggest suitable measures to improve the quality of work life.To identify the major areas of dissatisfaction if any, and provide valuable suggestions improving the employees satisfaction in thos e areas.To analyze the findings and suggestion for the study.

Government is the monopoly of legitimate use of physical power” Essay

Functions of the Ruling Officer* Promote interest and welfare of the raft* For the benefit of the governed* Protection of the inhabitants* Administration of arbiter* Advancement of the physical, economical, social and cultural well- being of the people * Preservation of the state from danger (internal & external) Ideal Qualities of Governing politico* Shall have the brains and ability* Political maturity* ExperienceIn order to govern people he does not know or understand, he ought to bear the talent of a genius and extraordinary knowledge. * Jose RizalThe government who fulfils the satisfaction of human expectation is good. The Government that DOES NOT serve the needs of the people but governs to cheer the interest and welfare of a few at the expense of many is not good. * Zulueta Government is the monopoly of legitimate use of physical power * Max weber* The government is committed to promote* general welfare,* morals,* intelligence,* social justice* Ultimate happinessRizal on t he Family* Family- the basic and oldest social institution, a very important promoter in shaping the character of a child. Family determines* Childs social class* Religious orientation* Language* Upbringing of the childrenChildren are Expected to be* Loyal* ObedientParents Legacies to children* Rectitude of judgement* Generosity of rights* Steadfastness in adversity The greatest honour that a son can pay his parents is impartiality and a good name.Rizal on Livelihood* Rizal vehemently objected Carl Marxs Communist ideology. * He regarded upkeep as the governments focal points to alleviate pauperisation Communism* ideology referring to the equal distribution of wealth. * The government scoops up all the wealth and distributes them evenly or as needed. Means of having a viable livelihood program* Equal land ownership* Regulation of capital* Government buys from landlords and place it on workers Regulation of Capital was essential to combat the ill effects of capitalism. Each pers ons wealth is based on his own personal production.Rizal on Justice Justice is a constant and perpetual give to allot to every man what he is due. Twin ideals of Justice System* Swiftness- occurrence of a speedy trial* Fairness- justice itselfJustice delayed is justice denied.No person shall be deprived of life, liberty and property without due process of law.

Should Poetry Be Banished from Human Life

The main aim of this paper is to decide whether we should banish verse line from the pitying valet or non. In order to reach this decision we first have to get back to near of the legendary figures in literary criticism of all time such as Plato, Aristotle and Philip Sydney and see for our selves how they case-hardened this issue and answered some important questions concerning literature. Literary Criticism is the branch of study concerned with defining, classifying and evaluating works of literature.It began intimately simultaneously with creation. However, it was only with Plato that criticism became a vital force in the ancient world. Plato was born desirely in 427 B. C. He was the first conscious literary critic who has put his heads in a dogmatic elbow room in his dialogues. In his Ion and Republic (precisely book X), he expressed his condemnation of meter. Ironically, admirers of Plato be ordinarily lovers of literary art. It is so because Plato wrote dramatic dialogues rather than didactic volumes and did so with rare literary skill.You would expect such a philosopher to place a high value on literary art, but Plato actually tryed it. He argued that it should be banned from the rarified society that he descri lie with in the Republic. Plato objected to verse line on unmatchable-third grounds nurtureal, Philosophical and moral point of view. Platos expostulation to Poetry from the point of view of Education is emphasized when he condemns rhyme as fostering evil habits and vices in children in The Republic restrain II. Homers epics were circumstances of studies.Heroes of epics were non examples of sound or ideal morality. They were lusty, cunning, and hungry for war. Even Gods were no better. This is clear in Platos Ion If we mean our future guardians to regard the habit of quarrelling among themselves as of all things the basest, no word should be give tongue to to them of the wars in heaven, or of the plots and fighting of th e gods against one another, for they are not sure (11). Thus he objected on the ground that poetry does not cultivate good habits among children.Plato accuses poetry of vocalizing lies to children. However, he has no objection to children being told un neat stories if they are edifying stories. He wanted to rank children that on that point never has been quarrelling between citizens. He says in The republic If they would only believe us we would dissever them that quarrelling is unholy, and that never up to this time has there been any quarrelling between citizens this is what old men and old women should get off by telling children and when they grow up, the poets also should be told to compose or them in a corresponding spirit. (11) Platos objections against poetry from a Philosophical point of view become clear in his attack on what he called mimesis ( fake). He explains that poetry does not offer reality but unreal imitations.However, philosophical system is concerned wi th rectitude. According to his theory of mimesis, arts deal with illusions far away from the truth. He said in book X of The Republic then the aper, I said, is a long way off the truth. 17) In his opinion, Philosophy is better than poetry because Philosophy deals with idea while poetry is twice distant from the original idea. He made his point clear when he compared the poet to the botherationter who imitated a bed that was knowing by a carpenter and before that, was originally created by God. Plato was an idealist. He believed that Ideas alone are true and real and that the earthly things such as beauty and integrity are mere copies of the ideal beauty, goodness which exist in heaven or the world of Ideas.He said Well, then, here are lead beds one existing in nature, which is made by God, as I think that we may say-for no one else can be the shaper?.. And what shall we say of the carpenter-is not he also the leaser of the bed? Yes. But would you call the painter a creator a nd carryr? Certainly not. Yet if he is not the maker, what is he in relation to the bed? I think, he said, that we may fairly designate him as the imitator of that which the others make. Good, I said then you call him who is third in the descent from nature an imitator?Certainly, he said. And the tragic poet is an imitator, and therefore, like all other imitators, he is thrice removed from the king and from the truth. (15, 16) Plato says that since the idea of the bed belongs to God the maker and we can also consider the carpenter who built it a maker of a copy. However, the painter only imitated another copy which makes him thrice removed from reality. As a moralist, Plato disapproves of poetry because it is immoral, as a philosopher he disapproves of it because it is based in falsehood.He is of the view that philosophy is better than poetry because philosopher deals with idea / truth, whereas poet deals with what appears to him / illusion. This is very clear in The Republic, Boo k X, when he says And what is the faculty in man to which imitation is addressed? What do you mean? I will explain The body which is large when seen near, appears small when seen at a distance? True. And the same objects appear straight when looked at out of body of water, and crooked when in the water and the concave becomes convex, owing to the illusion about colors to which the sight is liable.Thus every sort of admiration is revealed within us and this is that weakness of the military mankind mind on which the art of conjuring and of deceiving by the a dismount and shadow and other ingenious devices imposes, having an effect upon us like magic, True. (19, 20) Thus, in his opinion, true reality consists of the ideas of things and objects in our world are reflections or imitations. Therefore, poetry is inferior to philosophy as the artist imitates these objects existing in our actual world and as a result, his work is an imitation of an imitation and is built on illusion.He b elieved that truth of philosophy was more important than the pleasure of poetry. He argued that approximately of it should be banned from the ideal society that he described in the Republic. One of Platos important theories is his theory of inspiration. In his Ion, he gives a psychological account of literary creation. He is interested in how men come to publish poetry. He compares the state of the poet when he writes poetry to a state of madness or unconsciousness. He explains that the poet does not speak his words but is rather captured by inspiration or what he called The power heaven-sent.He says For the poet is a light and winged and holy thing and there is no invention in him until he has been inspired, and is out of his senses, and the mind is no longer in him when he has not attained to this state, he is powerless and is unable to utter his oracles. (9) Thus, he believes that poetry is nothing rational, and that is why even the poets themselves do not often understand wha t they write in that moment. Therefore, poetry cannot be relied upon as it is not the result of conscious. His depart objection on the moral effect of poetry is that it harms by nourishing the passions, which ought to be controlled and disciplined.Plato thinks that it is the duty of the overbold man to control passion by reason poetry by exciting and strengthening the passions, makes this labour more difficult. In Platos opinion, whatever encourages and strengthens the rational principle is good, and emotional is bad. In The Republic, Book X, Plato says thus the imitative poet who aims at being popular is not by nature made, nor is his art intended, to please or to affect the rational principle in the soul but he will prefer the ardent and fitful temper, which is easily imitated .And therefore we shall be right in refusing to admit him into a well-ordered state, because he awakens and nourishes and strengthen the feelings and impairs the reason Poetry feeds and waters the pass ion instead of drying them up she lets them rule, although they ought to be controlled, if mankind are ever to increase in happiness and virtue. (22) Then he attacks tragedies and comedies explaining their effect on both actors and spectators who qualification imitate their act. He believes that imitation soon becomes a second nature and the actor who imitates tends to behave like the object of his imitation.Tragedies give an uncontrolled expression to the emotions of pity and grief and thus play a muliebritys part. In his The republic, Book X, he says Hear and judge The best of us as I conceive, when we listen to a passage of Homer, or one of the tragedians, in which he represents some pitiful torpedo who is drawling out his sorrows in a long oration, or weeping, and smiting his breast- the best of us, you know, delight in giving way to sympathy, and are in raptures at the excellence of the poet who stirs our feelings most.Yes, of course I know. But when any sorrow of our testi fy happens to us, then you may observe that we pride ourselves on the opposite quality- we would fain be quiet and enduring this is the manly part, and the other which delighted us in the recitation is now deemed to be the part of a woman. Very true, he said. Now can we be right in praising and admiring another who is doing that which anyone of us would abominate and be ashamed of in his own person?No, he said, that is certainly not reasonable. (22, 23) Similarly, for example, one who imitates a female part in a comedy tends to grow effeminate. Imitation will make him cowardly or clownish, if such roles are imitated. In order to explain this in his The Republic, Book X, Plato said And does not the same hold also of the ridiculous?There are jests which you would be ashamed to make yourself, and yet on the comic stage, or indeed in private, when you hear them, you are greatly entertain by them, and are not at all disgusted at their unseemliness the case of pity is recurrent there i s a principle in human nature which is disposed to raise a laugh, and this which you self-effacing by reason, because you were afraid of being thought a buffoon, is now let out again and having horny the risible faculty at the theatre, you are betrayed unconsciously to yourself into playing the comic poet at home. 23, 24) For all of the preceding(prenominal) reasons, Plato insisted that all kinds of poetry should be banned from his ideal state that he created in his The Republic.In this respect, Plato says Therefore, Glaucon, I said, whenever you meet with any of the eulogists of Homer declaring that he has been the educator of Hellas, and that he is profitable for education and for ordering of human things, and that you should take him up again and again and get to know him and regulate your whole life gibe to him, we may love and honour those who say things-they are excellent people, as far as their light extend and we are ready to acknowledge that Homer is the greatest of poe ts and first of tragedy writers but we essential remain firm in our conviction that hymns to the gods and praises of famous men are the only poetry which ought to be admitted into our state.For if you go beyond this and allow the honeyed muse to enter, either in epic or run-in verse, not law and the reason of mankind, which by common consent have ever been deemed best,but pleasure and pain will be the rulers in our state. (24) However, Plato decided to play fair with lovers of poetry. Thats why he given a chance to all poets and defenders of poetry to be a part of his ideal state and to be allowed to return from exile, only if they made a fine literary work that proves that poetry does not but delight but is also useful to human life. Plato says Shall I propose, then, that she be allowed to return from exile, but upon this former only that she make a defence of herself in lyrical or some other molar concentration? Certainly.And we may further grant to those of her defenders wh o are lovers of poetry and yet not poets the permission to speak in prose on her behalf let them show not only that she is pleasant but also useful to states and to human life, and we will listen in a kindly spirit for if this can be proved we shall certainly be the gainers I mean, if there is a use in poetry as well as a delight? Certainly, he said, we shall be the gainers. (25) Those are Platos principal charges on poetry and objection to it. Before we pass on any judgment, we should not forget to keep in view the contemporary social conditions in which he lived. It was a time of political decline. Education was in a big state. The epics of Homer were part of studies and Homers epics were misrepresented and misinterpreted.However, they were venerated by the Greeks almost like The Bible. In them, there are many stories which represent the gods in an unfavorable light. So they were the common objects of criticism on the part of philosophers and educationists. The wonderful flowerin g time of Greek art and literature was over. Literature was immoral, corrupt and degenerate. Women were regarded inferior human beings and slavery was wide spread. Confusion prevailed in all spheres of life intellectual, moral, political and educational. There was a invariable debate between the philosophers and poets. Thus, in Platos time, poets added fuel to the fire. He looked at poets as breeders of falsehood and poetry as mother of lies.Ironically it was Platos most famous student, Aristotle, who was the first theorist to defend literature and poetry in his writing Poetics against Platos objections and his theory of mimesis. Aristotle was born in 384. B. C. For centuries during Roman age in europium and after renaissance, Aristotle was honored as a law-giver and legislator. Even today his critical theories remain largely relevant, and for this he certainly deserves our admiration and esteem. In Poetics, his main concern appears to be tragedy, which in his day was considered t o be the most developed form of poetry. Another part of poetics deals with comedy, but it is unfortunately lost. In his observations on the nature and function of poetry, he has replied the charges of Plato against poetry.

Compare and Contrast Luther and Calvin Essay

Compare and Contrast Martin Luther and privy Calvin. Martin Luther and John Calvin were both very important leaders of the Protestant Reformation. Although they were both against the Roman Catholic Church, they brought intimately very different opinions in religion. Martin Luther founded the group that are today known as Lutherans. He was ordained a priest in 1507. He dealt with questions dealing with the structure of the church and with its moral values. These questions were important in Luthers eyes, but the most important was how to find favor with God. Luther tried to pray, fast, and repent, but he neer felt self-satisfaction.He eventually concluded that Gods love was not a lettuce or a reward to be earned or won, but a gift to be accepted. Luther further concluded that until man stops trying to achieve Gods favor by dint of his own achieve ments he cannot truly understand Gods grace. Luther also had the idea that one did not need a priest to talk to God, he believed that one could pray and repent without the help of anyone else. This was the idea for which Luther became famous. In 1517, Luther was involved in a controversy which involved indulgences. Indulgences were the idea that a person could gift money to a worthy cause in exchange for forgiveness of their sins. Luther opposed this idea and stated his beliefs in his Ninety-Five Thesis, which he posted on the castle door in Wittenberg, Germany. In 1519, Luther had a debate in Leipzig with Johann Eck, a Roman Catholic theologian.During this debate, Luther denied the supremacy of the Pope and stated that church councils could excite mistakes. In 1521, Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X. Luther was then ordered to appear before a council which demanded that he retract his teachings. Luther intern stated that unless he was inspired to do so by scripture he would not since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. Possible the most important contribution of Luther to baseball clu b was his translation of the Bible into German. This made it possible for those who were not fluent in Greek to study the sacred scripture of God. Luther also wrote another influential work, Small Catechism of 1529, which was also known as the laymans Bible. It summarized Christian beliefs into clear, simple language and told how they should live.During the Reformation, Luther discovered that he had founded a new church. He complained that his name should not be given to a group whose name should only be taken from Christ but Lutherans mute believe in the doctrines he originated. John Calvin teachings were especially influential inSwitzerland, England, Scotland, and colonial North America. Calvins followers in France were known as the Huguenots, and in England they were know as the Puritans. During the Reformation, the people were insisting that anyone, not fair(a) the hierarchy, be involved in semipolitical and religious policy making. This inspired Calvins teachings. The Calv inists developed political theories that supported constitutional government, representative government, the right of people to change their government, and the separation of civil and church government. The Calvanists to begin with intended these ideas to apply to the aristocracy, but democracy eventually arose in England and America. Calvins basic religious beliefs were the favorable position of faith over good works, universal priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the basis of all Christian teachings.The concept of universal priesthood was that all believers were considered priests. This was unlike the Roman Catholic Church which had various ranks of priests. Calvin also believed that men could only be salvage by the grace of God. He believed that only the Elect would be saved and that no one knew who the Elect were. He also believed in Predestination, which is the idea that your entire life is already planned for you. Many of Calvins ideas were controversial, but he im proved the morals of the Church drastically. Calvin developed the soma of church government that is today known as Presbyterian. Martin Luther and John Calvin achieved great results, but went about it in different ways. Luther was more concerned with his own spirituality, and therefore set an example by changing himself. Calvin on the other hand, was more concerned with changing society and the government. They both believed in being saved by Gods grace, but Calvin believed in Predestination and the Elect. Martin Luther and John Calvin were both key assets Protestant Reformation.

Notes for Each Chapter in Tomorrow When the War Began Essay

a)SUMMARYChapter quaternary is astir(predicate) them in felt crazy house a snake goes into marks Sleeping bulk, they try to turn it out and they bilk scared and drop the sleeping bag the snake slither out and straight into the bush. in that respect is a part near where a V shaped planes go e realwhere and they had the lights switched off on the plane so no- champion could keep an eye on them fly all everyplace, exactly they could smell the jet fuel. Right through the chapter they were in the institutionalise c in all(a)ed Hell. SIGNIFICANT EVENTSIn chapter four they are acquire fat and restless, and they fecal mattert be b forward-looking(prenominal)ed to explore. Everything and every angiotensin-converting enzyme transfigures when the planes go over with no lights on.CHARACTERS DEVELOPMENT homer feels nearly connection betwixt Fi and him. Ellie is a deep tie-up and sleeps though heaps. b) epitome of Chapter FourThe chapter begins with the ag convocation of f riends sitting slightly doing nothing in the aurora. In the evening bell ringer sits implement on to a sleeping bag and discovers that a snake was in his sleeping bag. They try to conclusion it out, scarce the drop the bag and it shoots out towards cwm. Fi jumps in the water not k straight offing that snakes can swim.In the centerfield of the night Ellie wakes to black jets flying overhead. In the morning she chance upons that Robyn, Fi and lee(prenominal) heard them, also. Robyn tells the other(a)s that heaps and dozens of them were flying overhead all night long. Lee jokes that Commemoration Day would be a unblemished day to invade Australia. In the morning Homer reveals to Ellie that he the deals Fi.Quotes* And analogous black bats shriek out of the sky, b massting out the stars, a v-shaped line of jets raced overhead, very low ahead. Their noise, their speed, their darkness f salutaryened me. Ellie * at that place was dozens and dozens all night long. Robyn * I ts believably the source of world war lead, verbalise Lee. Weve probably been invaded and we move intot even know it. Lee * Thats when I initiativewhen I establishedWell its the first time I really took notice of her. I al directions suasion that she was a stuck up snob. But shes not. Shes really nice. Homer * No, Hell wasnt anything to do with regularises, Hell was all to do with people. Maybe Hell was people. Ellie world-shattering Events1) Jets flying overhead in the middle of the night,2) Homer admitting that he likes Fi. To Ellie he was always the kid that had no feelings.3) Ellie realising that Hell wasnt places it was people.Chapter 5 succinct* They were very ineffectual, always putting off solelyton to the top of the mountains to hike. * corrie and Ellie were the most ener suitic they took a fewer walks, to the bridge or to different cliffs. * corrie and Ellie both requisite to travel when they are older. They lack to travel to Indonesia, Thailand, China, Ind ia, Egypt and maybe Europe or Africa. * They were running out of food plainly they were too lazy to go keystone to the democracy rover to get more(prenominal) food. * They had gone through 5 years without any serious arguments, but they had a few silly arguments. * Everyone judges that the wish to come nates to Hell, with the identical(p) people. They dont want other people to know close it because they might ruin it. * The slick certify up the cliffs was very tiring, hard and hot. The hardly thing that keeps them going is Fi saying stuff about yield meet food and a hot shower. * Homer stays close to Fi, and helps her a look at.* on that point are 6 suspicious fires that are spread out. 2 of which are which are quite giving. none of them are anywhere near them. (In Hell) * Some people went swimming in the creek. * Lee and Ellie talk. Ellie studys a lot from Lee.Significant Events.The group spend their last days camping and they realise that they dont want to leave . They want to stay longer and throw more fun. They also want to come pole to the similar place with the same people. They dont want others to know about their wonderful campsite. The group dont like to hike back down up in the hot and humid weather. The emanation is very risky and steep. They get very tired. There are 6 fires in the keep that nobody can excogitation out why they are thither. Ellie and Lee feel uneasy and senses something is wrong, but they cant interpret out what. nature increment* ELLIE= Ellie talks to cwm they share a dream (travelling). Ellie leans that working in a restaurant is hard. (By talking to Lee). She feels uneasy and weird. She wants to get main office to intoxicate her family to see if they are okay. * cirque= We learn that she wants to travel and become a nurse in a country that needs nurses urgently. She was desirous in Year 8 Camp. She works away quietly on people until she gets what she wants. She is very concede and doesnt hold gr udges.* ROBYN=She doesnt want to go home. She pretends its the best place ever and she had a really really levelheaded time. Robyn tells Ellie she is bossy. * FIONA= Always disappears when they cook or do washing up. Looks forward to a hot shower and decent food. Has mixed feelings for Homer. Went swimming. * KEVIN= If he had chocolate he would go up to the Land rover to get food. He is still embarrassed about the snake incident. Fells a bit sensitive. * lee side= He likes being in Hell. He signifys it was fun. Feels uptight, has a feeling that something is wrong. * HOMER= Tries to get closer to Fi. Helps Fi a lot. Likes Fi. Keeps on trying to prank Corrie.Conflict* Arguments= betwixt Kevin and Fi= For Fi not being there when cooking or washing up. =Between Corrie and Homer= Homer pulling consider jokes/pranks on Corrie =Between Kevin and Ellie=Ellie always trying to fix the fire. =Between everyone=which coloured cars are most consumptions * No more decent food.* Climbing/Makin g their way back to the land rover, very hard and tiring. * Ellie wanting to get a move on, but the rest of the group plays around.Quotes* Corrie You got homesick on the Year 8 camp, and that was alone 4 days Ellie says to Corrie. * I dont want to go back. This is the best place and this week has been the best Robyn says to the group. * Yea, ok Homer said, obviously thought of spending some other 5 days with Fi. * I wish theyd get a move on, Im keen to get home Ellie says to Lee. * As we got a better view of the plains we were surprised to see 6 different fires in the distance scattered across the countryside. None of the fires were remotely close to out place. Hell * I was a heavy sleeper but the last few nights I couldnt settle prevail over. I felt some diversity of strange anxiety. Chapter 6SummaryIn chapter 6 the characters arrive back from hell to Ellies habitation and find most of the familys animals dead and the rest home abandoned. The group and so tried to come up with an explanation for the strange and scary circumstances, getting more worried after(prenominal) each failed suggestion. The gang then decided to drive in the land rover to Homers, where they find his house in the same state as Ellies. They then had to decide if it was in their best interests to use the RF radio, they let Ellie decide and she believes they shouldnt use it. The group then chose to talk about what might expect happened in their town part they were away, Homer then found some evidence of his mothers that proved some(prenominal) happened to their families, took place at Commemoration Day.Important Quotes1. The dogs were dead their chains were stretched and their was blood around their necks, where their collars had held1. In the house there was nothing wrong, and that was what was wrong. There was no sign of life at all1. . Weve been invaded. I think there might be a warConflictIn Chapter 6 there is one difference between Robyn and Ellie when the group was try ing to come up with a theory for their families disappearance.Ellie Of course its bad I yelled at her Do you think my dad would leave his dogs to die like that? Do you think Ill be having a good laugh about that tomorrow? I was screaming and crying at the same timeRobyn Robyn started crying and yelling I didnt mean it like that way Ellie, you know I didntThey then resolved the issueEllie Im sorry Robyn I said I know you didnt mean. Robyn Im sorry too she said It was a bad choice of wordsSignificant Events1. Coming home to find the dogs dead and their families gone. 2. determination no mess at the house but it being normal, showing no sign that the family was taken, but merely disappeared. 3. Went to Homers and found it in the same state as Ellies, proving that something big has happened. 4. The group then assessed the situation and came up with the conclusion, that whatever happened to their families happened at Commemoration Day. Chapter 7SummaryThey all go to Kevins and find his pet corgi, Flip. Then they decide to take Flip with them. When the group are at Corries, Ellie finds a message on the Mackenzies fax machine for Corrie. Its from her father, the message was displace from the show secretarys office saying, People say its just army manoeuvres and go bush. Dont come out till its safe. They split up and Ellie, Kevin and Corrie are to check things out at the showground. afterward seeing Ellies primary school instructor at the show ground from a distance and seeing how guarded the place is they leave. Soon they suck soldiers are following them and they are shooting. Ellie decides to fight back with a homemade bomb from the petrol in the ride-on mower, rags and matches. The bomb explodes and does its job successfully and they run to meet the others on the hill a 335, louver minutes late from their agreed time.Quotes (Lee on making the decision to keep Flip) We might have to befuddle some ugly choices. (Homer on the subject of splitting up) Five peo ple unblock and two locked up is a better equation then no people free and seven locked up.Significant events Corrie getting a fax from her dad Seeing the show ground Ellie deoxycytidine monophosphateing up the lawn mower and the soldiersCharacter Development Homer, being able to make the best decision for the group, which was splitting up. Ellie, to make an explosion big enough to escape the soldiers in the short amount of time she had before they arrived.Conflict At first when Homer suggests splitting up every one is once morest it and there is a bit of protest going on until he reasons with them.Chapter 8Plot SummaryThe group has arrived at Corries place before dawn. Ellie feels sick and in her mind she is singing as chorus of a song, in which she sings over and over again, because she was trying to forget the events that had happened earlier. They arrive halfway voltaic pile Corries driveway. Ellie stops at the porch to rest but Homer tells her to keep moving. Everyone felt at home except Lee and Robyn who were before long away. Ellie, Corrie and Kevin were telling the others about what they encountered such as the mower incident.Ellie feels that she is permanently damaged because she had probably killed three people. Homer told them that they should not feel bad since the soldiers had invaded their land unexpectedly. after they told their story, Homer and Fi told theirs. They went into town, and they said that there was a lot of damage done. There were soldiers everywhere, so they had to be extra careful. They went to Fis house, and Homer was attacked by her cat. After Homer and Fis story, the rest of the group were worried about Lee and Robyn, not knowing what has happened to them. By then Ellie is beginning to realize Homers loss leadership skills.Significant EventsTelling each other what had happened, since they were split into groups. Ellie knowing that Homer has changed.Character DevelopmentHomer starts to act like a leader, since he could not be bank before.QuotesIt was hard for me to believe that I, plain old Ellie, nothing special about me, middle of the road in every way, had probably just killed three people. Homer was becoming more surprising with every passing hour. It was getting hard to remember that this fast- thought guy, whod just spent fifteenminutes getting us laughing and talking and feeling good again, wasnt even trusted to hand out the books at school. Chapter 9Chapter Nine is quite an intense chapter. They are at Corries house and collecting things, and getting ready to leave for Hell. Suddenly we heard a distant disturbing noise. A helicopter was observing the house and was waiting for the kids to move. They all went to go check on Kevin to see if he was okay,..But he wasnt okay. Theyre staring right at me He said. Everyone knew that if he moved they would all be on danger. Homer has grown to be such a great leader so far. Dont move, its the movement thats the give away. He was keeping everyone togeth er. He kept everyone safe and made good decisions for the group not just for himself. As the helicopter left they had took their chances of packing what they needed while it was gone because there was a high chance that they could come back. They went to the shearers shed after they had got everything packed.The soldiers knew they axiom someone in the house. A black jet, fast and lethal, came low from the west. A rocket from the soldiers was flying towards the house. One rocket hit the house, and one was all it took. The house came apart in slow motion. A second rocket came and slammed into the hillside right beside to the house. Having the conflict with the soldiers has made them think more carefully about their actions and every move that they made. Homer, like I have already said has turned into a great leader.To me, this chapter was about how the teens needed to start thinking like soldiers, and start being soldiers.-Chapter 10In this chapter, the group decide to bring Lee an d Robyn back from Wirrawee. Ellie and Homer are chosen to be sent into Wirrawee, since Corrie was still in a puff after the enemies had blown up her house, while Kevin stayed in Hell to look after her. When they arrive at Robyns house, they find Robyn who tells them that Lee had been shot and what had happened to them during the time they were secrecy. They find out that there were still some people out there that are still fighting and havent given up yet. Since Lee wasnt able to walk, they decided to make some rash decisions to get Lee back to Hell and themselves unharmed.Significant Events* decision making to get Lee and Robyn back from Wirrawee* Lee getting shot* Robyn and Lee finding Mr. Clement, the dentist* Robyn and Lee getting descry in Wirrawee, thats where Lee gets shot* Deciding how to get Lee out of the restaurant and safely back in HellCharacter Development* Homer starts to think like a soldier. He starts to become more mature and think for the caoutchouc of the group and how they would get through this. He becomes a sort of leader and makes up most of the decisions that they make. This is a big change since, when Homer was at school he had been a trouble-maker and had been wild and outrageous.* Ellie starts to fall for the new Homer.* Robyn becomes braver and Ellie thought that Robyn deserved a medal on how she rescued Lee from the enemy soldiers. Robyn used to business easily and had been quiet and serious at the start of the novel.ConflictLee getting shot in Wirrawee was a big conflict in this chapter. Since wasnt able to walk, they had to think up ideas that might get them and Lee back to Hell unharmed. They start to think up of plans like using quiet vehicles but then they decide to use a bulldozer and pick up Lee from the restaurant, since using a bulldozer would surprise the enemy. They also decide to do at four am in the morning because that was when humans were at their weakest.Important Quotes* Homer had an ability to put himself into the minds of the soldiers, to think their thoughts and to see through their eyes. * We were in the middle of a desperate struggle to stay alive, but here I was, still thinking about boys and love. * Hes been shot Robyn* He said he thought there were a few dozen people like himself hiding out, but after theyd seen what had happened to people who, in his words, tried to be heroes, they were all keeping well out of sight * They were dodging towards the door of the intelligence service agency when shots started pouring down the street. * He was limping badly, staring at her but biting his lip, resolved not to cry out. * You keep going like this, youll lose your reputation. Arent you meant to be just a wild and crazy guy? Robyn * Thats when humans are always at their weakest, I contributed. We did that in Human Dev. Three to four am, thats when most deaths occur in hospitals. Ellie Chapter 11In the start of chapter 11 it was all full on. Lee was injured and at his families res taurant waiting to be salve by Ellie and Robyn, in a truck they stole. Lee got wheelbarrowed into the shovel on the truck. Then they got traversed by soliders Ellie ran straight over a jeep wiht three soliders in it, another jeep continued to chase them they got shot at the entire time while being followed, then Ellie stopped suddenly and the jeep went flying over them and flipped.They got away and met Homer and Robyn on Three Pigs Lane, where they switched vehicles and headed to Chriss in order to change vehicles again incase they had been spotted.They pulled up at Chriss and plunked there get away vehicle in the dam out back while they disgustd what to do next, something came out of the old piggery it was Chris he had been hiding in there from everyone his paretns had gone overseas and he didnt go to Commemoration Day. So they took Chriss parents Merc and he went with them back to hell.CONFLICTSThe main conflict in this chapter was between the soliders and the group they had b een shot at chased and had a head on crash with.CHARACTERS THAT CHANGEDEllie changed she became a solider in attack she had to drive the truck and she even ran over a jeep of soliders. She was in attack.-Chapter 12Significant events Lee getting shot in the microscope stage by soldiers, Ellie saw she had some feeling for lee. Went to hell as a hide out.Conflict Ellie saw Chris asleep when he was meant to been on guard looking for soldiers as this started off an argument.Quotes I stopped. I didnt have any plans to become the local slut Id blocked off all my senses reactions because there hadnt been the time or the opportunity for those luxuries. But its like they say, emotion denied is emotion deferred Chris, who was sure that hed been the cause of my having a nervous breakdown.Setting I could see right across the paddock to the bush and on up into the mountains pg 159Chapter 13Corrie had her Fathers radio, workaday she would fiddle with it, but wouldnt let anyone else touch it. One day Corrie reported to Ellie that the batteries were getting flat. It was then that Ellie found out that the radio could get excess to worldwide radio stations. Ellie asked Corrie if she had been only trying the local stations and Corrie said yes. They gained excess to the other worldwide stations and cast off upon one that was reporting about what was going on in Australia. The whole group listened it the radio. That how America was warned that if she tried to help and intervene with the war going on, she would find herself in the longest, costliest and bloodiest war ever.The general claimed that the season for the onslaught was to Reducing balances. After the group heard that international outrage continued to mount and a lot of fighting in countries and a few scattered words, the radio died. Homer quickly suggested that everyone should write down what they heard, after they did, they chose what seemed like the main and important points. Homer was thinking long term and dec ided that they should get a few animals and cattles in Hell so that they could use the cattle as food. Next their plain was to observe how the military worked and what sort of pattern it was. So they decided to send 6 people down, all in groups of two. The pair would keep in contact with walkie talkies. Kevin and Corrie, Fiona and Homer, Chris and Robyn. They would all note down what they saw in the show ground and in 48 hours time, come back to hell.ConflictIn the middle of chapter 13 an argument develops between Kelvin and Robyn. They start arguing after Robyn says and now they have taken the cookie and crumbled it a whole new way. After this is said, Kelvin misunderstands Robyn and thinks that she is fine with the invasion, soon after that, and after Kelvin insulting her religion, Robyn starts to defend herself and with the whole group agreeing with her, Kelvin realises that he lost and back off.Plot ChangesInstead of sitting around, like in the previous chapter, this time they p lan to go back to the show grounds and investigate what is going on.Character DevelopmentHomer Acts more mature passage smartMore sensibleMore sense of responsibilityFiona Starts to like Homer nowStarts to want to sacrifice necessaries of loved ones and familyEllie Is confused about whom she likes, Homer or LeeChapter 14Ellie, Homer and Fi went back up to Ellies house to collect some more supplies (food, clothing, toiletries, tools, bedding, a Bible, etc). Robyn and Ellie read the Bible.After Ellie, Homer and Fi got back from Wirawee they found Lee had started walking around. Lee and Ellie had some conflict as they talked about their relationship, but Ellie is still confused P.Ellie goes for a walk by herself and finds the Hermits hut.Chapter 15a)Everyone was annoyed by each other.(p191. There was a bit of strain between us now, which I hated and there was a general strain caused by everyone snapping at each other in the final few hours of daylight.) When Fi and Ellie slept together , Fi said to Ellie that she loved Homer, but he was too Greek. Fi wanted to get advice from Ellie, but Ellie didnt want to Fi and Homer go well At night, Ellie reminded her family and smiled.Ellie thought that Hell is a sad, brooding place but not evil. They woke up early and had simple food. They would stay very long in the Hell like 3 months, 6 months two years Lee said that he wanted to go Hermits Hut.In front of the Hermits Hut Ellie told Lee about her feeling. She was very stressful because of her feelings. (p202. But my feelings are that Im confused.)Lee said that ..(p 202. No, I just think that for some things, for example liking someone, for example liking me, you are being too careful and calculating. You should just fo with the feelings.) Lee wanted to go inside the Hut.There were many things like reward from a King.There were photos and newspaper article about murderer.Also, Lee and Ellie read his story about the murder process(?).b)After their inspection of Hermits hut t hey kept working into the evening. Fi sleeps in Ellies tent while Corrie is away and before they fall into sleep, she talks to Ellie about her relationship with Homer and if she should try it with Lee. They get up early and Ellie notice that the longer they stay in hell, the more they get into natural rhythms their major job that morning is to get fire wood which they work hard on.Ellie shows Lee the hermits hut, they speck about their relationship and Lee thinks that Ellie should give be with him. In the hut Lee finds a metal cash box with nothing but papers and photographs. underneath them was a small somber case, like a wallet, but made of stiffer material. Lee silently wrapped everything up and replaced it in the tin. There was too untold to absorb, too oft to think about.they left the hut in silence.Chapter 16Chapter cardinal is all of Ellies thoughts. Lee and her are possibly boyfriend and girlfriend, also Homer and Fi. Lee and Ellie have visited the Hermits Hut and found important documents from the murder. The whole group have come up with more play to keep themselves from the soldiers and getting caught one of them is moving the land rover further away from Hell. The rest of the chapter is Ellies thoughts on Lee and Hell.Important QuotesThere were to other documents in the box Lee and Ellie noticing the documents. The last thing was a poem, a simple poem Ellie been a detective. Hes so down on himself Fi kick on Homer.perhaps my lack of confidence, my tortuous habit of questioning and doubting everything I said or did, was a gift, a good gift, something that made life painful in the short run but in the long run might lead towhat? The mourning of life Ellies thoughts on life.Significant Events Ellie and Lee finding the documents in Hermits Hut. Ellie and Fi having a good chat on what lies ahead of them. Thinking of other ways of them been un sight by soldiers.Character Developments Fi as become more confident and true to her and others that is b ecause she has been around Homer a lot. Ellie has taken a part in been a leader along with Homer and Kevin. Lee has become a lot stronger now that is leg as stared to heal.ConflictNot much conflict in this chapter I think this is because they have all started working as a group and listen to what the others around them have to say.Chapter 17Robyn, Kevin, Corrie and Chris returned from Wirrawee and after breakfast they tell the others their story. Robyn does most of the talking. She is their unofficial leader and she reports from the situation in Wirrawee. As they were telling the story everyone else was sitting with their partners, while Chris and Robyn were the only ones who werent together as a couple. Robyn, Kevin, Corrie and Chris havent seen any of their families but been told they were safe at the showground. The soldiers would have been on duty taking some prisoners and the showground back to their homes a habitable place again by cleaning out mould and dead food and pets and to pick up some valuables like jewellery.Robyn got told by Mr Keogh that the work parties would be going out to the country too, starting any day now to look after the stock and get the farms going again, he said theyre going to colonize the whole country with their own people and all the farms will be split up between them and well just be allowed to do menial jobs like cleaning.Chris brought back packet of smokes, two bottles of port that he souvenired seeing Chrsi smoke made Ellie reflect on what laws they had already broken (stealing, driving without a license, self-willed damage, assault, manslaughter or murder etc). Ellie didnt like the idea of Chris picking up grog (alcohol) and cigarettes. Robyn presents the idea to Ellie writing all these happenings down and Chris wants to know what the other four (Ellie, Lee, Fi and Homer) did in Hell while they were away. Homer says that they must beguile some sleep and that they will have a council of war later that afternoon.Roby n is a quiet leader even in calmer timesRobyn did most of the talking. Shed already been their unofficial leader when they left, and it was interesting to see how much she was running the show now.Kevin recommended that they could end up being the nations since they could be the only ones left free so they would be they government and everything. They would all choose their jobs or got given them.Kevin for Prime minister of religion, Chris Police Commissioner, Homer was the Minister for Defence and Chief of the General Staff, Lee was the Pensioner of the Year because of his leg. Robyn wanted to be the Minister of Health but got Archbishop instead. Fi was Attorney General because of her parents and Ellie was named Poet Laureate.They plan to gather animals, such as ferrets and rabbits for food.There is conflict in this chapter when Kevin suggested that they have ferrets instead of chooks. Corrie disagrees and says, Yuck Theyre disgusting I hate them. Kevin looked wounded at this dis loyalty from the one person he could normally count on. Theyre not disgusting, he said sound hurt. Theyre clean and theyre intelligent and theyre very friendly. Yeah, so friendly theyll run up your trouser leg. -Chapter 18In this chapter we get to know more about Ellies and Lees and Homers love relationship. We find out who Ellie likes more Lee or Homer. We also learn on how far Ellie and Lee would go with their relationship physically. We hear more about Chris and him smoking. We also find out that Sally and Kevin have been together for a whole year and that Ellie is sanely sure that they have lost their virginity to each other.In this Chapter we hear Ellie saying I know this might sound a bit different from what I said before, but I dont think it is. I can understand why these people have invaded but I dont like what theyre doing and I dont think theres anything very moral about them. Ellis feels that this war has been forced on them and she hasnt got the guts to be a conscient ious objector. She just hopes that they can all avoid doing too much thats filthy and foul and rotten.-Chapter 19Chapter 20QUOTESThere was a pause then the answer. Yeah I love you too Fi. For Homer to say that to anyone was pretty good for him to say it with Lee and me listening was amazing.I always admired so much about Fi, but now it was her courage I was admiring, instead of her grace and beauty.Weve been held up for a bit. Fi said. Ellie wanted to climb a tree.CHARACTER DEVELOPMENTIn this chapter, there is some character development with Homer. He is no longer afraid to say he loves Fi in front of anyone, where in this quote shows this There was a pause then the answer. Yeah I love you too Fi. For Homer to say that to anyone was pretty good for him to say it with Lee and me listening was amazing. Fi develops some amount of bravery as she steps up more. She gets much more courage as she takes on some of their tasks.SUMMARYEllie and Fi are paired together to go and sort things out /set things up for when they blow up the tank. After getting everything in the even places, and getting the bikes there so they have time to get away after the tank gets blown up they go to wait. As they got out of their truck after getting all this done, some Patrols came past. They ran over someones fence and into their garden and climbed up a gum tree. Ellie soon realized that the truck, fill with things needed for their task to go as planned. If the soldiers were to see this they would automatically realize, and their plan would be ruined. Or If they were spotted in the tree, they would be captured and who knows what would happen. Luckily somehow they did not realize either of the two and they walked off. And they went to prepare everything to blow up the tank, now all they had to do was wait.SIGNIFICANT EVENTThe most significant even of this chapter would be when Ellie and Fi spotted some patrols coming so they went and hid up in a tree. whilst the soldiers were very close to their truck. If the soldiers noticed the truck, their whole plan would be ruined. Also, if they were spotted in that tree, they would have been captured or killed which would cause everything to not work. -Chapter 21Chapter 22Character developmentHomer learnt not to put to much trust in machines. Ellie sees another side or Homer, his sweet side The only thing homer left out was the way he had wept when he found out we were safe. I saw the sweetness of Homer then Corrie got shot, Kevin shows us his loyal side Corries my mate and Im not gonna dump her and run. We can see Ellie is accept more and more that she is in a war, therefore accepting that some of the things she does might have the consequence of someone dying If I knowingly did things like blowing up bridges, then the fact that by sheer good luck no one was hurt didnt let me off the hook. Once Id made my decision to go with the tanker i had been ready to live with the consequences, whatever they were.Significant EventsEllie an d Fi meet Homer and Lee up in a gully behind Fleets place and told there versions of the bridge blowing up. Went to sleep Ellie, Homer, Fi and Lee woke up at night, left to Ellies house on the bikes at 10pm Walked into Ellies garage to see Corrie lying still on a table with Chris, Kevin and Robyn crowding around her. Kevin told Ellie that Corrie had been shot.Kevin drove Corrie to the Hospital, leaving Lee, Ellie, Robyn, Homer, Fi and Chris to go back into Hell.Important QuotesYou would be glad to know he said turning to me that I dont think any of them were hurt It meant a lot to me but not everythingWe felt the worst was over and we had done our job and now we deserved a rest. Youre sort of bought up to believe that thats the way life should