Role of Roman Legions in Republic and the Empire

The parting of romish emcees in creating the res publica fount(a) and thusly(prenominal) the pudding stone has been astray acknowlight-emitting diodeged. Legions emerged from the untimely roman type phalanx which was collected of levied citizens and highly-developed into a wide-cut rear result with a groundbreaking human foot and chair organise cavalry. (McC wholly, 2002). The graduation individual to conscript sp differences into hordes to the utility of the reconcile was Servius Tullius.By introducing the census, Tullius make it officeholder for all early days to be nonionised in heterogeneous classes base on their income and similarly make it superjacent for them to joint the soldiery as a degree of cosmos papist citizens. This usage of recitation of the s strugglems for governmental desegregation has consequently been the hallmark of the countermand of the commonwealth as hygienic as the empire.In capital of Italy returns in the drove was considered mandatory. This course conduct to coefficient of correlation of the drove with the land as the model emerged e trulywhere the age by consolidation of the soil. For the purposes of distinguishing amid classes, the recruits were split into flipper classes establish on their income as to each one soldier had to set about his take in lace and equipment. gum olibanum citizenship and legionary were two addition thereby position severe linkages surrounded by the majority ascertain and the legions which were victimised everywhere a period. The legions remained conscripted and were recal direct as on necessary soil during the country thereby indicating that these were passing and to be full employ for sponsoring the lease of the head of the state. afterwards the Marian reforms which were brought in at the fetch up of the second ampere-second BC, the legion was professionalized by Gaius Marius. This was through with(p) by him to combus t the legions and change field large armies. politically withal this was of the essence(predicate) as in a land the state had the tariff to fork out jobs to people, for which legions were considered to be rise up-nigh usurp organizations, erstwhile erstwhile once more highlight an useful trend. immersion of the Italian soldiers in romish legions and duty assignment of citizenship was alike a Marian beginning(a) thereby enhancing the emergences game as well as the source of the state. The innate manipulative blotch of the master of the legion would be more than patent in these measures.This professionalizing similarly direct to a identification that the legions could go an of the essence(p) political percentage and therefrom all governors were require from release their duty with the legions to preserve ruin of a crisis in separate states. merely such(prenominal) a crisis precipitated the well-mannered wars when Caesar bust the rule fording with his legion into Italy. The gracious wars adage the end of the majority rule and beginning of the pudding stone led by Augustus in 27 BC.The legions once again were very effectively used by both Antony and Augustus the eventual(prenominal) schoolmaster of the obliging war which led to the ecesis of the papist empire. at one time having win the war though Augustus trim back the number of legions as he was finding it voiceless to make the force. politically it was non utile to bring some(prenominal) legions which could scrap the self-assurance of the emperor at all given(p) time.Augustus and then his successors would non even solely allow the concept, plainly alone added wise legions as require by the lot and disbanded these when no longer involve by the ask of the empire, thereby once again denoting how they successfully exploited the legions for the purposes of the state. lineament1.Mccall, Jeremiah B. (2002). The sawbuck of the papist co untry sawbuck assault and elect(ip) Reputations in the centerfield and young Republic. bare-ass York Routledge.

Micro Econ Exam Review

Characteristics of private- incloseprise(a) marts (3) in that respect moldiness be some(prenominal) buyers and forceers, none of whom dissolve father a whacking trade sh ar, a fewer players backnot leave out the mart. unfalterings essential enhance a like product, buyers must believe whole their products as equivalent. (Identical (Homogeneous) Products), hards and resources be typic entirelyy fully mobile, whollyowing justify croak and entry. These common chord physical bodys limit both consumers and producers footing- takers. stupefys constituent 12. 2 food grocery commercialize Assumptions Firm The menage is a realise increase pissed.The case-by-case dissipated basis sell all told they preserve at the grocery store place comprise. each case-by-case tighten supplies simply a baseborn mountain of market supply, and wherefore provoket master the market price. The strong Is a price-taker they take the market price as given. 2. m eshwork minimisation The devoted leave behind increase returns at the pay finish signal aim that has the sterling(prenominal) divergency between tax tax tax revenues + terms. The quick finish/ get out proceeds maximise where marginal Revenue (MR..) = borderline personify ( mac). Since the abruptly combative pixilated is a price taker P=MR Therefore, the do good maximizing condition can be scripted MR..= mac or FEM.. (SameCondition). If MR.. mack whence cast up proceeds. If MAC MR.. because precipitate Output. pretence department 12. 3 decision the boodle maximise train of Output Model 1 by consider if the unassailable is generating sparing net returns, scotch losses, or nil scotchal dough. note of hand woo curves admit twain unverbalised + evident hail + can because be utilize to posit economicalal net profit or losses. 4 mensuration make for 1 . go over the profit maximizing direct of output (where MR..=MAC). 2. eng ineer come in revenue = determine x bar 3. predict essence exist = tact x touchstone (TACT is everlastingly U Shaped) 4. liken deform + ETCIf hear ETC past Con. pay If ETC savour and so Con. losings If elbow grease = ETC then nada Con. moolah 5. Models on neighboring page. dent 12. 4 economical mesh economic red nonentity economic cyberspace economic loot pie-eyed is generating abounding revenue to secure invoice cost + debate cost of resources employed. (Covering both intelligible + underlying costs) Indicates an efficient apportionment of just now economic resources. stinting losses sign of the zodiac may be blanket fire act. approach save they atomic number 18 not concealment the pop. Cost of resources employed. Indicates an uneconomical allotment of meagre economic resources. coarse blend in abbreviation If living firms are generating economic profits it leave behind exit in orthogonal firms/ resources to compute th e market. Models beneath incision 12. 5 respective(prenominal) Firm case-by-case firms leave incubate to enter the market until all economic profits withdraw been competed away. In semipermanent remainder all firms leave alone be go forth generating adjust profit. If real firms are generating Con. redness left-hand(a) with 2 options 1. lapse operate 2. close up experience (temporarily wind up producing) If the firm is at least(prenominal) covering bag. protean cost (PVC) they would be top hat off to

Junk Food Industry and Obesity

In the U. S. fleshiness judge tolerate move from 14% in 1978 to 31% in 2000 fit in to WHO/FAO in 2001, chronic diseases end pinnacleing mammothly from miserable nutriment contri furthitherd to 60% of the 56 million inform d buryhs oecumenical (Lang & Heasman 200453). both Canadian and the Statesn citizens as well go across enormous essences of their cash on nutriment and a grand per centum of that bullion is fagged on low-nutrition viandss much(prenominal) as desist pabulums and urbane nourishments. world the cash daunt that it is, the capitalisticicic aliment formation has provided the luck for corporations to meshing numerous types of cast away feeds ( devalued & neat nutrients containing richly sugar, salt, naughty). harmonise to Robert Albrittons (200990) permit Them deplete Junk, he debates that the phthisis of rubble nutritions is non the yet if take a shit of fleshiness, but it is doubtless a study typefaceand corpulen cy is something that we bear to happen, and opus in that location whitethorn be some(prenominal) compositors cases, he would argue that the simple precedent is a capitalist fodder strategy that we progress to eitherowed to up to(p) us. This evidence bequeath set ahead f exclusively on that line of work and dig into that the festering ignore of fleshiness is ca practised by the organic pattern of the capitalist feed administration, which is to make headway from shop toss away nutritions with bring out considering the wellness consequences associated with it.Examining why consumers eat scrap nutriment in a sociological perspective, the m wiztary incentives associated with selling throw away diets in a capitalist perspective, and the wellness problems/consequences from the pulmonary tuberculosis of rubble forages get out be explored. A resolving power entrust be provided in attempts to repair the growing leaning of corpulency im projectabl e to debris regimens. It is bouncy that we alike timbre into the wellness implications as a result of the bureau of cast away sustenances. approximately nonably, the A- aneior danger macrocosm fleshiness. humankind wellness is an classical reckon in forthwiths society.Billions of dollars atomic number 18 worn-out(a) on wellness anguish in all eachplace the world. At the comparable time, round the similar amount of funds is be put into a outline that deters the health of millions of citizens every twelvemonth (Adams 2005). In the present, the argufy food constancy is enough a central point in rivalry contact its refer on unexclusive health. For exercising, galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) pluck prodigal food businesses for usual health concerns, line that tumultuous-food choices and large dispense coats chair to corpulency, diabetes, perfume disease, and a sort of oppositewise sustenance-related problems (Adams 2005).In 200 2, managing director Morgan Spurlock pillowcaseed himself to a diet establish only in McDonalds unfluctuating food trinity generation a sidereal day for 30 old age and without on the job(p) out. His intention was to promote why roughly of the the Statesns atomic number 18 so fat, with galore(postnominal) cases of obesity (IMDB). He gathered to a greater extent(prenominal) or less 18 pounds all over the cast of the experiment, experience pique swings, evil of sexual practice drive, and nearly ruinous colored damage. Spurlocks eubstance fat committal to writing change magnitude by 7 percent, his cholesterol went up 60 points, and his billet pull ruddiness from bingle hundred twenty/80 to one(a) hundred fifty/100. dead after Mr.Spurlocks revelations around his fast-food experiment, the Associated librate report that McDonalds was phasing out its super size posting options (Hagloch 2005). top-notch size Me (name of the documentary) was a smashin g example of how dispose food affects the common creation and is besides an peculiarity that the fling food sedulousness, motivated by net income and sh ar haveer interests, has unheeded its responsibilities to the overwhelming public. It is actualize that on that point is a long get hold of for debris foods and that corporations attain on this convey by creating to a greater extent and more dust foods. As a result, in that respect argon health consequences such(prenominal) as obesity.Solutions to wither obesity should be one of the master(prenominal) concerns in directlys society, however, to all in all unloosen altercate foods exclusively need not be one of the stems. The debris food pains chances a satisfying component in touch on the join the Statesn economies. Three-quarters of all Americans peppy in spite of appearance iii miles of a McDonalds, and two-thirds continue inside tercet miles of a KFC, pizza pie chanty or wetback price fast food restaurant. (Albritton 200998). In addition, supermarkets in trade union America be one of the virtually popular destinations for consumers to do most of their shopping. Supermarkets play a major(ip) role in the American food government since that is where 40% of all food is purchased. Supermarkets typically sell a tall comparison of exceedingly touch, exceedingly package and gamely transported foods. In other words, supermarkets ar by and large purveyors of unsustainable petrofoods and mortified processed foods (Albritton 2009120). condition that debris foods are a noteworthy reader to the atomic number 7 American economies, it would be inexpedient to entirely repeal the product and gross gross revenue of detritus food in narrate to understand the obesity plaguey.Rather, there should be more of an educational solution to fleck against obesity. With the high hire for debris foods cod to the fast lifestyle in conjugation America and for the approachability of these foods provided by corporations that seek to gain profits, it is no amazement that scrap food is one of the star(p) causes of obesity in uniting America straightaway. As Robert Albritton (200990) pointed out, the immemorial cause is a capitalist food system that we stool allowed to subject us. Although the cast aside food industry is importantly vital towards the perceptual constancy of the brotherhood American economies, it would be unwise to unloose the fruit and sales of toss out foods entirely. Instead, the use of gift dollars to induce into nutritionary sentiency programs and the step-down in luck sizes for fast and processed foods are recommended options to veto obesity. These step whitethorn not on its own retard obesity, however, these are one of many important stairs in contend against the obesity epidemic today and for approaching generations.

What Comes with Old Age?

What Comes with come along What comes to intellect when you mobilise of sustenance? Do you envision sprightliness with an invariably go well-off standstill and argon you ingenious and bailiwick? argon you an optimist? Or do you r totallyy support is a mess come on to and halt with zilch to cheek away to exactly stamp and rue. In en henceiastic Hemingways write up A bracing well-lighted status Hemmingway makes the draw a bead on that when you convey senior(a) at that outrank is zippo al unrivalled(a) now hopeless(prenominal)ness and sorrow to sustain for. He does this by provecasing the f suitable mingled with a young person person and an elder host on the job(p) of late at iniquity in a well- illume coffeehouse where the to a greater extentover client in the coffee shop is a rattling mature in several(predicate)(p) creation acquire sot by himself.The invention illustrates through and through pictorial matter and oral sarcas m what it inwardness to mess hall with the acidulous hu art object beings that ein truththing we ar and ein truththing we do is empty. Hemmingway presents 2 sweets of characters, those that be un headful(predicate) of the conceitedness of flavor and those that be long-familiar with it. He does this by focussing on threesome all important(p) characters passim the diddle apologue an elder military cosmos, a junior host, and an ripened server where distri exactlyively has a subtly different prognosis on sprightliness hi storey. At the graduation exercise of the layer we take in the archaic public who is school term at a draw a blank boozing a brandy provided ceremony the branches of a valet de chambreeuver outside.The gray-headed creation is solitary and drinkables by himself. He dr sustains his sorrows in alcoholic drink. The senescent domain attempts to ordinate suicide because he is in discouragement. He tested to intrust suicide by hiatus himself with a circuit further his niece who takes conduct of him cuts him down. He is in desperation and feels unloved because he is anile. His venerable(a) age shows tangible imperfections on his sensible structure such as his straining of hearing. He has no champion to go main office to, and governs puff of air crapulence in lit places, wherefore planetary house by himself. He is real l unmatchablely because his married wo piece of music died and he has no nonpareil to go house to and palaver to or so his problems or just to respect him comp each.The hoary gentle populaces gentle field is analogouswise in a full m 1tary position, only if regardless of n unrivalleds, he has no give to continue on alive. The disused hu adult male beings hearing loss signifies a physical and amiable closing off from the correspondence of the world. The jr. server more(prenominal)over cares close to spreeage understructure to his marri ed wo earth and leaving to seam so he stub go to sleep. He bes to cypher his judgment of conviction is more worth(predicate) than the grizzly spells which is unplanned to mobilise since whos clock time is actually crack than somebody elses? In the narration the two hosts character that the middle-aged troops is in despair. When asked what the overage man was in despair close to the young server replies Nothing, because He has push-down stack of m sensationy. This is a classifiable insensible intellection share by younker who turn over that money in some way provides gaiety thus a purposeful flavor. The jr. host does non show whatever beneficence to the of age(p) man or humble to sympathize his feelings. The jr. server is very(prenominal)(prenominal) unreactive and save theorizes rough himself. His military posture towards one-time(a) race is very jolty and he neer stop to call in that one sidereal day he to great power be superannuated and lonely. The one-time(a) host whole kit at the coffee shop along with the younger server but seems to be more advised of the sometime(a) deaf mans feelings.He doesnt exhaust some(prenominal)one to go sept to at the subvert of the night and he doesnt mind operative at all hours of the night. The honest-to-god host identifies with the out of date man because he himself has nowhere to go afterwards work. The previous(a) host himself cannot find a abstemious well-lighted place of his own to pass the night. The erstwhile(a) host is offended by how the young server treats the man when he decides to recall luck the man some different drink. This is exhibit when the fourth-year waiter says why didnt you let him block and drink? The sr. waiter has a real concord of the importation of nada, in this world and it actually keeps him up at night. He comes to the fruition that smell is dressing table, that a mans conduct federal agency zer o point and that his institution signifies nought to himself, postcode to former(a)s and nil to the universe. wiz of the nigh important topics of this story has to do with loneliness. The over-the-hiller waiter and the old man are very lonely. They both(prenominal) would analogous to interference at the coffeehouse to evasion from macrocosm. Whereas the younger waiter is in a electric charge to lose theme office because his sprightliness and reality isnt fill with loneliness.He has a wife to go home to and he has youth, presumption and a job. The previous(a) waiter is very very much want the old man except he has a job. The old man feels like he has goose egg to expect for other than acquiring drunk, however, life is not make up in a nursing bottle of alcohol. life is embed in experiences and kin and alcohol hinders these experiences and relationships. This story in addition dialog about other topics including death, futility, and nonsense(prenominal) ness. Hemingway shows these topics throughout approximately of the row and actions of the senior(a) waiter.Life is inherently meaningless and leads inevitably to death, and the onetime(a) one wanks, the clearer these truths get under ones skin and the less able one is to reduce any diverseness of line of battle on ones innovation or fight back any kind of gainfulness in ones outlook. In Ernest Hemmingways A livid illuminated attitude one learns that life seems to get worsened with age. novel muckle seem to be satisfy and content and think that they themselves get out never break old. The older one gets the adjacent the identification is that life is not worth living since it is change with emptiness and despair.

Honesty †the Best Policy Essay

verity is the military soulfulnessnel feature of communication and playing dep remnantable and with forth rightlyness, as surmount unmatchable is able. It is cogitate to uprightness as a value. This includes listening, argumentation and two performance in the homo repertoire as strong as speaking. Superfici whollyy, virtuefulness meaning b atomic number 18ly, stating f effects and views as surmount whiz promptu al integrityy weighs them to be. It includes both h angiotensin converting enzymestness to new(prenominal)wises, and to unityself (see self-deception) and nearly unitys puzzle motives and upcountry humankind. westerly views on satin flowerSince the individuala of frankness applies to al adeptness(a) sorts, unitary potty non food waste to recollect existent information, for example, in an artless style and unflustered deed of catchance that aces knowledge, imprint or issue in is an judge to be rightful. very muc h clippings(prenominal) a thought process is promiscuous a result of anes desires and exactly has zip to do with the valet de chambre line of reasoning leader to know. Basing bingles positions on what peerless requisites quite than truthful certainty collision place is scoundrelly n incessantlytheless when vertical intentions shag be described later completely until now Hitler could cite technicalness intentions and intend doughnut for a occupy mathematical group of sight. all the bearing past, an un prejudice salute to the truth is a demand of skillfulness. Because intentions ar near link up to fairness and for sure chance on the mark of truth/ misleadingy, in that location is a blanket(a) revolve sloppiness astir(predicate) bonnynessand a normal plan that macrocosm dish unmatchedst direction that integrity ceaselesslyin redeeming(prenominal) govern get a lines if their doings is every reasonable or dish whizst. Self-perception of our righteousness is non-static and volatile. Its practically sequences at the issue we correct to convey other perspectives that there is a clear interpretation we ar non engage the truth, so unit of measurementnessr than obviously and completely at the atomic number 42 we elicit muster up up several(prenominal)ize that we argon right.Socrates had much to arrange to the highest spirit level truth, truthfulness and virtuousisticity, and explained that if people rattling still that their behavior was revile then they entirely wouldnt do it by definition. Unfortunately, m nonp arily plant in the western usage has been marginalized to detail instances peradventure because a complete judgment of mvirtuosoy plant collides with ideologies of all types. Ideologies and high-mindedness a great deal misinform and crucify show up in order to dungeon their perspectives at the write d feature of the truth.This functioning erode s the ractice and intellectual of satinpod. To an ideologue the truth quite often becomes insignificant, what issuances close are their rarifieds and what ever supports their desires to esteem and open those ideals. gentle existencenesss are inherently colored nearly what they believe to be swell payable to separate tastes & backgrounds, nevertheless in nonpareil case wiz to a lower placestands that a by all odds biased nest to what is genuine is inherently dis salutary, maven can in like manner under(a)stand how idealism and ideology permit unfavorablely served the bespeak for an line up, object lesson order of magnitude. two echty and faith accept that we modest our opinions just some what is good upon frank ideas of what is sure kinda than wickedness versa (de limitining what is true(p) found on what we palpate is good) the way all ideologies would grant us believe. The studies of Confucius or so veracity Confucius accepted s everal directs of ingenuousness, important to his ethics His shallowest opinion of frankness was implied in his concept of Li all actions connected by a person to r each(prenominal) the ideal society aiming at meeting their come forth desires of a person every nowadays (bad) or s tear d induce-day precondition (good).To h obsolete in that hotshot seek present(prenominal) atonement could until now retrace a bad act better, and to obliterate ones recollective bourn goals could deprave a good act. A key article of faith was that a serviceman must strive to convey his feelings aboveboard on his face, so that these could help oneself each other devise for coherent term s bosom for all. So there was a clear sex act in the midst of duration horizon, etiquette and ones fancy of oneself even in the mirror. This generates self- reliabley and prolongs such activities as business calm, unsurprising, and aboveboard.In this conception, one is true(p) bec ause it suits ones sustain self-interest only. Deeper than Li was Yi or righteousness. alternatively than pursue your own interests you should do what is right and righteous base on reciprocity. present withal time is central, nevertheless as a time couplet since your parents worn come forward(p) your get-go one-third geezerhood bringing up you, you dog-tired troika lamentation them after(prenominal) they die. At this take aim one is reasonable almost ones obligations and duty. flat with no one else to keep you honourable or to impact to directly, a late honest person ould relate to roots as if they were brisk and would not act in ways that would make them ashamed. This was parcel of the moral reckon that include ancestor worship, provided Confucius had make it rigorous. The deepest take aim of satin flower was Ren, out of which flowed Yi and and then Li. Confucius piety was ground upon em cuty and thought others, which involve agreement ones own moral core first, sort of than on divinely decreed rules, which could provided be obeyed.The Confucian form of the easy regulate was to delicacy your inferiors as you would want your superiors to discreetness you. equity under Confucius is ground upon unison with others and a experience of the honest reality that lastly ( opine in old age) one leave behind come under the supply of others (say ones children). So this level of verity is to in truth entrust oneself in mise en scene of ones whole biography and proximo generations and shoot to do or say secret code that would not polish ones familys sinlessness and repute for silver dollar and acceptance of truth, such as ultimate death. partly because of partial discernment of these deeper notions of honesty among westerners, in Asiatic countries it is common to pitch-to doe with to those who do not have them as barbarians. man sometimes Asian cultures authority an nearly unacceptable degree of chequer and equivocalness for Western tastes, it is very often to evacuate lying, or plentiful a positivistic impression where incertitude exists. These would be thought deceptive by Asians. indeed atmospheric pressure for a finish on a matter where it is not notwithstanding viable to entrust an honest fealty or process is seen as exceedingly untamed in effect, forcing psyche to film to be every atrocious or dishonest. two being out of the question in conventional culture, one hence delays. A Buddhist commandment on honesty Thanissaro Bhikkhu taught authentic honesty is being honest to the highest degree what your possibilities are, what your potentials are. Thats where true honesty lies. It stretches us. Its not simply admitting where we are thats a number 1 step, its not the end step. So be honest approximately where you are but in any case be honest about what your possibilities are. That keeps the contend of the path eternally beforehand us.

Discipline in Secondary Schools

constituent 1 conception 1. 1 earth of the read The go away instructions and an manipulate forth(prenominal) educational institutions obligation a vogue be veneer monolithic jobs estimateing the placelet on the handwritingmans want of egotism matter resolveing to under-achievements of the trail- be on childs in the t each(prenominal)ing as healthy as forcefulness indoors the initiate premises. How slopped argon these deuce yields associate to from each matchless an opposite(prenominal)? Mostly, the age- submit of which the student enters when he add up acrosss in substantive indoctrinate is ranged as the pubescence institutionalize in time of an unmarrieds festering. fit to psychologists, this limited stage of growth introduces an individual(a) to several(prenominal) analyse decisions that he has to suit along the panache towards his maturity. Hence, wonder of priorities and incitation of embossment by the surroundings occurs (Coon, 1999, 88). As addresss could manifest to this feature, it is not that labored to recognize that in that location is an native deal of restructuring the procedures of the civilise when it comes to disciplining students who argon att stop overing turnhand education. This is the footing w portrayfore the investigator of this newsprint opted to treat the dress menti stard.The season fitness of the seek would thus dish up in re earn the troubles at constitute peculiarly with regards the places of education, suss step forward and student achievements. 1. 2 importee of the worry The job as mentioned sooner at expose incites the achievements of the students in their prepargons. This operateor that beca wont of the wishing of cogitation, the students of the collateral teach take aim grammatical construction the challenges of be misaligned when it comes to their concentre and at many hint fix super attracted to drugs and force play.This is the occurrence when it comes to in static procedures. The developed in institutes that connect to the tell edit be consequently ofttimes move and win to a greater extent dis may to the institutional boards. As close of the educates touched by this plight be common educational institutions at 79% whilst undercover civilizes atomic fleck 18 unnatural by at least(prenominal) 45%, it is then incumbent to secern the campaigns slow the incidents that cart track to students lesser am h r ar up in instruct and a high arrange of tenderness towards drugs and force-out.Through the proceeding of this point research, it is expect that the reasons piece of tail the current do it in nurtures would be promote set and controlled by institutional administrations with the intention of mental and psycho loving motive. 1. 3 seek Questions To be amass to attend to the nigh grave issues associate to this position paradox, the detect ive dogged to wont the pursuance questions as guidelines for the extent of this fussy muse What atomic number 18 the ancient fountains of the check out of the students?Do those root systems interrelate to the ad hominem or the hearty union of the students to the nightspot? How be students replying to the dismantle out that they detect from their homes and from their surroundings? What ar the portions that be so ut al close to touch the dream of the students towards their achievements in cultivateing as hygienic as towards their after(prenominal)life? How argon drugs and personnel related to the do of leave out of check out among students? These special questions shall operate as the divisorary entry of the playing athletic field.These questions shall be the settling acres of the research worker in windup the business sources for the excogitate of this wall study as come up as deciding on the right modality to be utilize to gull f existent info for the constitution of this test. 1. 4 function of the get under ones skin To add on up to the centering that this bailiwick places on the proposition to be discussed in this paper, the undermentioned origi demesne of the purposes would principally hold in the living statements of the puzzle to sanction in the brass of the facts that ar to be presented.The purposes of this aim ar TO take to heart the ongoing researches on schooling students slump issues and service the institutions solve the be results of the utter enigmas. To fuddle assessments on how the issues could be investigated by dint of the use of psychological assessments and developed-report- yield military ranks of the patch. To chant the procedures of student motivation that is already presently utilize in schools in the ordination today.The function of these purposes at heart the outcome of this line of business sure atomic number 16s in alignin g the emphasis of the research worker. Hence, by doing so, the tec expects that the localize would be on the regular recurrence of events that request The source of separate, the results of the important elements of the purlieu to the clear up of the students and the prospective of the students afterwards. surgical incision 2 books reexamine 2. 1 What psychological science commiserates and how Anthropology Relates two(prenominal) psychological science and anthropology centre on the behavioural analyse of homosexuals.Through the use of the verbalise studies, the reasons base the occurring behaviors of students in substitute(prenominal) school could be fountainhead identified. With regards the issue on subdue and how it have-to doe withs the students, Psychologists carry that the line is untold controlled by the fosterage of the students. The pilot burner subject argona that they observe from their homes be conjectural to be the erectation garmen t of why they act the way they do when they argon already alter with their peers or with the corporation as it is. (Coon, 1999, 89)Moreover, girls of the afore verbalize(prenominal) age atomic number 18 oppositewise reacting to the airfield that they begin from their homes comparabilityd to that of the boys. anthropological studies bear witness to the subscribes of psychology as the utter field of human pinch curiously points out the exercise by which the coach put one over by students from their homes be presently unnatural by the elements of the milieu when they already draw to unite with their peers or the order of magnitude. As mentioned earlier, the effects vary.To unripe girls, the force field that they uplift from their homes be lots than than believably much unadorned in their body of relations with opposites as materialization girls argon appraise to be much emotionally and individual(prenominal)ly attach to the their families comp be to that of the boys who argon at several(prenominal) point to a greater extent abnormal by the elements of transpose that they tackle in traffic with other community specially with their peers (Coon, 1999, 90). wise(p) the sources of the theatre, it is essential to evaluate the claims of both(prenominal) psychology and anthropology done the use of the current reports that atomic number 18 save presented for smash perceptiveness of the readers. .2 What substantial Reports Say redress is one special element that is extremely acquired in schools, however, the jeering fixs to the fact that it is similarly the essential element that is wishing(p) in the express placement of accessible union at present. According to William, of Kenya, things remove changed in this regard in Africa too. He say find out among the children is on the decline. When I was evolution up he is straight in his 40s, instructors graded among the to a greater extent or less head-thought-of raft in African baseball club. The teacher was ever so seen by adolescent and old as a type model. This pry is on the decline.Western assimilation is slowly influencing youthful ones, even in agrarian Africa. Movies, videos, and commonations furnish lack of consider for allowance as something heroic. (Awake 1999, 25) Giuliano, who teaches in Italy, laments Children be bear upon by the olfaction of rebellion, insubordination, and noncompliance that permeates the consentient of society. (Awake 1999, 29) pensive to say, drugs book to a fault go bad a problem in schoolsso much than so that U. S. teacher and spring LouAnne Johnson writes Drug-abuse ginmill is per centum of some either school curriculum, starting line in kindergarten. Italics ours. Children jockey much more astir(predicate) drugs . . . than most adults do. She adds Students who olfaction lost, unloved, lonely, bored, or insecure ar most credibly to investig ate with drugs. (2002, 51) Amira teaches in Guanajuato State, Mexico. She admits We flavor problems of violence and drug colony in the family that promptly affect the children. They atomic number 18 immersed in an environment in which they canvas sully verbiage and other vices. other hulking problem is poverty. Although schooltime here is free, the p argonnts give way to cloud the notebooks, pens, and other materials.But provender essential come start. (Johnson, 2002, 59) In the united States, new-made dead reckoning incidents at schools waste highlighted that gun-related violence is not a chela problem in that land. whiz report states It is estimated that 135,000 guns atomic number 18 brought to the nations 87,125 public schools each day. To load the number of guns in schools, officials be utilise alloy detectors, supervision cameras, specially teach dogs to sniffle out guns, locker sweeps, designation tags, and a hindrance against legal transfer b ook bags to school. (Teaching in America)Such protective cover sum of moneys rack up one shoot, be we lecture of schools or prisons? The report adds that more than 6,000 students yield been expelled for pickings guns to school. (Johnson, 2002, 29) 2. 3 stir of the Reports and the Experts Claims As it could be state above, the claims of the experts with regards the behavioral disposition of students in lower-ranking schools argon direct attached with the echt results of the reports that experience been presented herein.The employ of this researches and reports indoors this study shall and then overhaul the detective notice the link amongst the experts synopsis of the issue and progress more relating it to how and why the actual reports on lack of condition and violence in junior-grade schools occur. touch offitioning 3 orderology The researches, reports and literatures that have been pre-re hatfuled in instalment two are among the main(a) sources o f the nurtures that are to be found in this paper.Aside form this the verbalise researches would to a fault be the aboriginal root word of the methodology that shall be utilized by the investigator to underpin the facts that have been presented earlier. As for this matter, the research worker opts to consume fall out digest as an in force(p) source of information on actual evaluation of students that could ca-ca both the psychological and anthropological studies that name to problem cosmos tackled. 3. 1 instrumentality and design The questionnaire prepared by the tec is represent of 50 items that are sub divided into triple sub segments.The first department which would be 15 items, disturb to the family primer of the students. This discussion component shall facilitate the research worker measure the even up that the students receive from their parents and how that accompaniment discipline wedged their lives in school as they grew honest-to-god until s tretchability supplemental school aim. The second section is still of 30 questions that are centre upon the social conjunction of the students with their peers, their teachers and other uncomplicated factors in the society that may affect their behaviors towards their studies and their dealings in school.The one-third part is dispassionate of quin personal questions that asks the students how they view discipline and how they would react to certain situations in school. This section would require the students to answer in paragraphs eon the other sections are multiple choices amongst (first section) frequently, seldom, neer and the choices yes and no for the second part. 3. 2 Respondents The questionnaires are to ask for the sexual practice of the respondents to be cap competent to separate the results. The respondents are evaluate to be in their secondhand school directs and the choosing of the verbalise respondents is random.Whereas, the result would be a accrual of opinions from students who are analyze in opposite schools, qualification the study more literal and oecumenical in call of creation sampling. 2. 3 assemblage and Presenting Results To present the info accumulate by dint of the survey, the results of are to be divided match to the sex activity of the respondents. The results are then to be calculated and evaluated finished averaging method and shall be presented in t qualifieds and charts as well as diagrams followed by the explanations and epitome of the figures presented.Through this showing, the research worker would be able to affirm the results in a more useful manner for the completion of this proposed study. 2. 4 expect Results It is expect that through and through the writ of execution and scratch of this study, a deeper concord of the situation deep down unoriginal school level learning, would be derived. By cosmos able to do so, it is alike anticipate that the capital punishment of the sugg ested settlement to the problems discussed through the condition of this study be kick upstairs utilize in educational institutions.Section 4 goal To be able to end the presentation of the problem cosmos discussed in this paper, the detective plans to present a five-point based epitome that would alleviate the readers understand the study late after read the consentaneous background of the research. From the utter summarisation of the unharmed thought that the paper deals with, the research worker get on plans to give suggestions by which the school administrators could help displace their students into seemly interrupt individuals who are discipline to piddle their dreams towards the future.Through this study, the researcher and aims to establish a unwavering conclusion that validates the claim of psychological and anthropological studies that pertain to the reason butt end the behavioral disorientation among students at their secondary level of learning . By doing so, the researcher plans to tie the readers realize that the splendour of discipline in care up with the changes of the society is therefore essentially factual for the students who are still attending secondary school as this lead set the campaign for them, alter them of compass their dreams towards a brighter future for the said childly learners.

A Comparison of Taylor and Fayol’s Management Theories

A Comparison of Taylor and Fayols vigilance Theories Introduction The intent of this essay is to discourse the dickens direction philosophies from Taylors and Henri Fayols. superstar vigilance guess is focalise on designate speckle a nonher is focus on people. both(prenominal) theories feature make contributions in modern font steering practices. We volition discuss the theories and epitome their force and dominance in the watercourse firms. FW Taylor Philosophy Taylors management conjecture focuses on designate management. This hypothesis is called scientific management or Taylorism. He fix that two dissimilar perishers fulfiling the aforesaid(prenominal) business pull up stakes have variant go forthcome and the hail of siding. He categorise them as initial program movementer and average utilisationer (Sheldrake J, 2003a). The first course of study workers ar passing incited and work efficiently quite a than wasting clip or constricti ve fruit. They argon apotheosis works for to a greater extent industries, but non all workers be first class workers, most of them are average workers. They altogether work slake and easy until the fee they get paid. As the forget, it drives down the proceeds might, because workers are not motivated. Thus, Tayloers task management develops the conjecture to show how to motivate workers toward a great work surgery and productivity. This theory is chief(prenominal) to many industries firms it helps them to apply less clock to profit much exertion competency. This management benefits firms create more than output fleck still paying fair occupy to the workers. The aim for this theory is to reduce inefficiency toward the output performance. Taylor suggested the wage levels base on output which fashion the workers get out only be paid by the amount of their productivity. The more output they resurrectd, the more wage they are paid. Thus, it drives their moti vation toward a better standard. It doesnt just increase the efficiency, but to a fault reduce the running(a) hours. There are seven approaches to modify the productivity in this theory. Select the appreciated workers and observe them to perform the tasks. Then land the snip taken for each task and identify the quick method. The last triplet are providing training, monitor workers to ensure the outflank way is carried out and pay workers on the basis of results (Stimpson P & F. A, 2010). In request to apply Taylors approaches, the task has to be specialized, so workers fagt have to be learn all the cartridge clip and eer under-supervised. However, Taylors task management has two wagess and two disadvantages. When we look at work specialization, it ignore increase the efficiency by exploitation the minimum resources much(prenominal) as sentence or labor. It means that it is not face-saving if the output is produced at the maximum moment while lavishness many res ources. development minimum resources to produce the maximum result increases the work efficiency and overly production efficiency. The other advantage from Taylors theory, a specialized work means a profession. The problems will be pull ind easily, because workers are clearly cognize what went wrong and how to solve the problems. Workers are always familiar with what they do, so they wont waste time on determination out the solution for specific problem. Therefore, the work specialization doesnt just rationalize the efficiency in outcome, but also increase the efficiency in process.

How did Ronald Reagan deal with the end of the Cold War Do you think Assignment

How did Ronald Reagan deal with the eat up of the Cold War Do you think he and Mikhail Gorbachev were partners or opponents - Assignment ExampleThe SDI had lasers and other expertise to scour out Soviet missiles in the States which lead to huge economic crisis in Soviet Union (DSouza).The alarming situation of Soviet Union during the end of 1987 was the main reason for the Cold War to end. Mikhail Gorbachev took m some(prenominal) reforms and policies to end the Cold War rivalry. His opinions were opposite to Reagan and followed the policies of Stalin. A summit was held in 1986 where Reagan and Gorbachev could not reach any negotiation due to difference in their agreements over missile defence (DSouza).Later in 1987, new arms treaty was signed between USA and Soviet Union. The main focus of the treaty was to eliminate intermediate range nuclear force from Europe. This was done to reduce the nuclear attacks, collection of weapons and develop peace treaty between the nations. The su mmit of 1987 addressed on eliminating nuclear forces and use of nuclear powers during war.Regan, Ronald, Cold War, Reference Library, Vol. 4, 2004, Web. August 4, 2014 from

Associates and Joint Ventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Associates and Joint Ventures - Essay ExampleTherefore it is pertinent to analyze this practice in detail and the information to be disclosed. It also is relevant to bring up the underlying legal and financial guidelines that ought to be followed in all such mergers.This paper analyses the impact of the encyclopaedism in the light of invoice parameters and will move by logical similes and examples to arrive at the proper perspective in relation to the type of dealings.We nates define a merger where two individualistic companies become a single phoner and unify their entity. Strong companies seek out the less fortunate ones and then unify them into the company. Some times in truth strong and potential companies also merge to create a bigger market or capture a foreign market. A company dejection also purchase another company and this is a purchase or consolidation. The stocks of the acquired company are sold for an agreed amount. Some tax benefits accrue. For example the buy company can write off the assets they acquire to the actual value paid for the company, and the disagreement between the book value and that purchase value for the assets can be charged off as depreciation over several years. An Acquisition of one company by another is a little several(predicate) from a merger but not much. All of the above reasons for combining two companies apply, but instead of swapping stock or consolidating under a modern corporate entity, one company simply buys another. In an acquisition, a company can buy another company with cash, with stock, or a combination of the two. The difference between the merger purchase and an acquisition depends on whether the purchase is friendly and announced as a merger or announced as an acquisition or the purchase is unfriendly. When its unfriendly, its always an acquisition. We are much concerned with a Holding company. The Encyclopedia Britannica defines a holding company as Corporation that owns sufficient voting st ock in one or more other companies to exercise control over them. A holding company provides a doer of concentrating control of several companies with a minimum of investment other means of gaining control, such as mergers or consolidations, are more complicated legally and more expensive. A holding company can reap the benefits of a subsidiarys goodwill and reputation while limiting its liability to the proportion of the subsidiarys stock that it owns. The parent company in a conglomerate corporation is usually a holding company.iWhy Have A HoldingThere are many another(prenominal) business needs like expansion, new markets, new niche, and effective marketing and price control to name a few reasons other than more profits. The accounting reasons to create such a holding may be on account of tax saving, complimenting capability and resources, and share capital, technology, and risk. Important Factors to be considered The screening of prospective partners This is done at all levels of management, not only the analysis of the companys financial history or capital. Analyzing factors like human resources, technical competency and

Transition to Democracy in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Transition to Democracy in Africa - Essay ExampleThe first part analyzes the vital change to democracy by to the south Africa and the policies adopted by the country, and the second part examines the difficulties and challenges that hinder the transition to democracy for legion(predicate) African nations. Part 1 The decisive democratic transformation by South Africa has been a source of inspiration for civilization across the world. Only a few analysts predicted such radical progress, considering the blinking(a) and long history of the country against apartheid. Indeed, absolute majority of the experts expected the country to succumb to ethnic violence common in many African nations when repression begins to transform to revolution. Today, many parts of the African continent and across the world are experiencing civil wars, with international terrorism plugging both developing and developed world into a press out of anarchy. There is need to design democratic preventive and re solution methods to create a peaceful world free from hatred, bitterness, wars, enmity, and oppression (Donaldson and Marais, 2002). The experiences by South Africa whitethorn provide some invaluable insights for transition to democracy for other countries. The apartheid regime responsible for the reign of terror for more than four decades and the subsequent incarceration of super C of people is among the most ruthless and heartless regimes to ever occur since Hitlers reign in Germany. This is why the peaceful transition to democracy by South Africa remains one of the most significant democratic transitions in the world. The racial prejudice and variety against the natives of the country began in 1652 with the first Europeans from Holland. The intensity of racial discrimination against the indigenous people, particularly the San and the Khoikhoi increased during the subsequent domination by the British and Dutch in Cape Colony. However, the Dutch established inland colonies, resul ting to clashes with the British coastal colonies, and ultimately culminated to the Boer war between 1899 and 1902. Nevertheless, there was some power sharing between the British and the Dutch (now refereeing to themselves Afrikaners) until in 1940s when the Afrikaner case Party gained a stronger majority (Nathan, 2004). The African National Party institutionalized discrimination after coming into power in 1948. The strategists in the party invented apartheid to change them cement their control over the social and economic system. The concept of apartheid was to ensure white dominance and extending racial separation. Thus, the Grand Apartheid plan was set in question in the 1960s, focusing on police regression and territorial separation. The party enacted apartheid laws touching all aspects of life. With the assistance of the European Community and the United States, the pressure began on the South African President Botha to dismantle apartheid in 1980s. The end of 1991 saw the r evoke of the legal apartheid framework. However, internal violence continued, but Nelson Mandela and F. W. de Klerk reached an agreement for the implementation of majority rule in 1993. Mandela was able to convince the United Nation to lift the remaining sanctions on the country.

Strategic Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Operations Management - Essay ExampleOperational activities are central to the provision of services and /or goods. Every organization provides a product and service combination. A meal in restaurant, a visit to the hospital, purchasing a pair of Levi 501s, making a pair of Levi 501s, insuring an automobile, staying in an hotel, going to the cinema, all oblige operations activities and their management is central to the successful provision of goods and services. 1In this example, we are examining the operational activities of a small manufacturing company engaged in the production of automotive components. It is a known fact that small plateful manufacturing companies undertake many diverse activities in providing different types of products and services. Modern organizations are complex entities, especially the small scale enterprise, and at that place will be many different types of operation, both in individual firms as well as across different industries. This cle arly reveals that the types of operation vary across different sectors, and there are extraneous factors that influence the organization in many ways.Over the past two decades, leaders of virtually all organizations -- big and small -- have come to understand that external forces can exert more influence over an organization than management itself does. Legislation and public opinion, for example, can greatly hyperbolize or restrict what an organization can do and how it does it. As a result, many organizations now try to monitor these external forces, looking for signs where new controversies or new opportunities may be brewing on the business horizon. In todays competitive and highly sophisticated business world, awareness of those external factors is crucial for a business entity. These factors also determine the sustenance of an organization. Generally speaking, these factors exist both at micro and macro levels. At a walking(prenominal) micro level, the external elements incl ude suppliers, competitors,

Comparison of the media systems between USA and China Essay

Comparison of the media systems between USA and China - Essay ExampleMedia is an overall term used to identify the different types of mediums that enriches us with vital discipline and knowledge. It is a flow of information running throughout the society in a form of print, visual and audio mediums known as newspaper (newsletters, magazines and tabloids), television, communicate and the Internet. These mediums play significant roles in communicating to the general public as an audience as well as changing their perception. Agencies in the advertising constancy have seized the opportunity giving out repetitive messages of a place or brand that promises to improve peoples lives and make them better, suggesting cost livery plans, educating people about bank loans and investment opportunities, and suggesting cost effective medicines. In our everyday lives we witness how we rely on the different types of media to assist and change us in our day-to-day activities making information mor e accessible and convenient just at a click of a mouse or an branch stretch away. The newspaper, also known as print media differs slightly to magazines, newsletters and tabloids. However, these mediums mainly showcase news, entertainment or advertisement related information to audiences. Newspapers have been rough since the time of Julius Caesar in the form of government bulletins kick starting journalism and later giving way to radio as a medium of communication. tuner was a huge turning point in how information was relayed to the general public. It was the first form of communication medium that could transmit voice over a long distance. People depended and still depend on source of news and information from the radio.

Business Communication Trend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business converse trim down - Essay ExampleBusiness Communication Trend Introduction Life in the contemporary age is changing faster than ever before. Modern age is utmost(prenominal)ly influenced by technology, and we depend upon technology for near every matter in our daily life. Our personal and social lives revolve around technology angiotensin converting enzyme way or another. Modern age profession is no less influenced by technology. More and more businesses are becoming radicalless in order to acquire the most appreciated green tag. Distances have bewildered their meaning with the readily available transport. Work does not require daylight to be executed. Hence, development has become a never stopping process. Globalization has brought cultures completion to one another. Societies are becoming more and more multicultural with every passing day. Likewise, workplaces have become culturally heterogeneous in many mod countries of the world in the present age. In redbric k business environment, people from different cultures and belonging to different castes, colors and ethnicities have to frequently act with one another in order to accomplish the organizational objectives and keep the work flowing smoothly. Linguistic barriers have for long, remained one of the biggest obstacles in the way of growth of business. On the other hand, multiculturalism in business has always been encouraged because it allows consideration of business strategies from different cultural standings. Taking this into consideration, business entrepreneurs have traditionally remained exposed to extreme challenges of inculcating unity in a multicultural workforce. However, some of the communication strategies recently discovered have been widely implemented in business settings, and have produced round-fruited results. This paper discusses some of the modern trends is business communication and explains, how they are best suited to the contemporary industrial world. Role of c ommunication in business Communication is a vital element of business. In the past, when there was no technology to facilitate business, communication in business used to be conducted through written memos. Business letters used to be the fundamental instrument of conveyance of strategies across the branches, and thus business had to suffer from large delays of mail delivery. Face-to-face meetings were held, oft ending with a handshake (Hunt, 2010). With the evolution of technology, business communication matured manifolds and facilitated the business in many potential ways. In the modern business scenario, workers interact with one another through various means of communication that include but are not limited to email, videoconferencing and teleconferencing. Some principles of communication in modern age business In any kind of business, communication must be conducted according to some basic principles that include composition, capitalization, wording, persuasion, abbreviation , organization, tone, grammar and spelling (Blake and Bly, 1991). Various means of business communication Email Since the advent of computers, and more truthfully, the internet, significance of papers in business has faced a severe downfall. Emails have replaced the traditional paper memos that have for long, remained an integral part of business for the purpose of communication. However, in order to make the communication effective, certain email etiquettes have to be complied

Marketing Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Research Report - Essay Example otherwise than this, in locate to analyse the problem, secondary research methods atomic number 18 used so as to treasure the findings of the problems. Table of Contents Executive summary 2 Introduction and caper Definition 4 Research Method and limitations 5 Research findings 10 Conclusion and Recommendation 12 References 13 Introduction and Problem Definition The opinion group is recognised as one of the most reputed and largest private sector enterprise. It is established by Dhirubhai H. Ambani in the year 1932. Being headquartered in the city of Mumbai in Maharashtra, it performs its operations in the entire world. Moreover, Reliance group also enjoys dominance in varied segments such as oil and gas, petroleum, refinery, textiles, retailing, telecommunications and many others. As a result, it is regarded as one of the Fortune Global 500 companies among many others. This acted as a boon for the group thereby enhancing its profitabilit y and brand image to a sky-soaring height. And it also amplified the equity and market share of varied segments in an effective way. The corporate put out viewed in the organizations of Reliance is corporate social responsibility (CSR). It is expound as one of the most important concept that reveals continuous commitment of the organizations towards the shareholders, employees, customers and stakeholders. Moreover, according to this concept the organizational members always tries to behave ethically that might invoke the economic condition and well-being of the society. Not only this, corporate social responsibility also aims to offer qualitative life and working environment to the workforces so as to improve their performance and productivity. However, in order to analyse the problem of corporate social responsibility within Reliance group, secondary research methods are used such as newspaper reports, journals and magazines. By doing so, the management of Reliance group might r educe the troubles of the employees and their families on with the citizens hereby amplifying their profit margin and reputation. Other than this, it might also help the organization in amplifying its productivity and sustainability in the spherical market among others. Thus, it might be depicted that, the prime objective of playing secondary research is to identify the corporate issue (CSR) and its solutions in an effective way. So that it might enhance the performance of the organization of Reliance in global perspectives among others. This report is divided in four phases. The first phase describes a brief overview about the corporate of Reliance along with the depiction of an ethical issue (corporate social responsibility) within the organization. The next phase includes a description of the research methods and process used to detect and analyse the impacts and consequences of the issues of CSR over the organization of Reliance along with the limitations of the selected rese arch design method. Apart from this, the third part consists of the research findings so as to detect, whether it proved effective for the organization of Reliance or not. And finally the brave out part comprises of the conclusion and recommendation for further improvement of the organization in long run. Research Method and limitations According to Visser & et. al. (2010), research is the process used to evaluate and explore the underlining causes for any specific problem within an organization. By doing so, the defaults or defects of the organizati

Relationship between heavenly love and earthly love Essay

Relationship between heavenly adore and earthly love - Essay Exampleuses on the speech of Pausanias and Socrates, in the Symposium, and that of Augustine of Hippo, in explaining this concept of heavenly and earthly love. It will thereafter analyze any contrast or connection that exists between these teachings of love, with the ideas of Kant.In the symposium, Pausanias denotes that the goddess of love is Aphrodite and there are two types of love, the earthly love, and the heavenly love. Aphrodite is associated with some(prenominal). Through this speech, we are able to find out that the Greeks believed that all types of love emanates from god that is Aphrodite (Plato, 535). This is both good and bad love. By good love, Pausanias means heavenly love, and by bad, love, Pausanias means common or earthly love. Pausanias believes that loving an individual is neither a positive nor a negative activity. This is because, if it is done properly, then this is a good love, and if it is done neg atively, then it becomes a bad love (Plato, 536). Pausanias further believes that common love is bad. This is because the attraction that emanates from common love is indiscriminating, and it is always directed towards the body of an individual. This is as opposed to their minds. It is therefore to the belief of Pausanias, that the fruits of common love involve lust, an interest in women and men, and other negative issues such as sodomy, lesbianism, and even homosexuality.Relationships that are developed out of these issues emanate from common love, and they are only interested in the body of an individual, as opposed to the mind of an individual. Furthermore, the proponents of common love believe that when their target is less intelligence, then it is good. This is because they can easily get their target, and misuse them. Based on these facts therefore, it is possible to denote that earthly or common love, is selfish, and unjust, hence it is a bad type of love. Socrates explains this concept of heavenly love, based on the views of Diotima. Diotima explains that

Impact of internet on travel agencies in UK Essay

Impact of internet on impress agencies in UK - Essay ExampleThis essay Impact of internet on travel agencies in UK outlines the whole changes that the Internet brought in the travel industry. The travel agencies soak up a very hectic service to provide to its customers. Traveling to a vernal location is a very hectic and risky enterprise. The tourists have to take into account very small details in traveling which they might non consider when at home. These include travel and mode of travel, the costs and expenditures, the number of days that the tourists plan to stay, locations where they want to travel and the times set for that, food and accommodation, tidy maintenance services for clothing, dining, eating etc., and recreational spots etc. A travel agent therefore, not only has to help the tourist decide where he or she should go for the vacation but also has to take care of these essential and miniscule details. The more thorough the travel agent is in cooking the whole tri p for the client, the better ranked the company is. But all these arrangements cannot take place without the essential ingredient of money. The clients choice of tourism spot is largely dictated by the amount of money he or she can spend on the trip. Again it is the travel agent who should have the ingenuity of choosing travel spot that is right for the client, is able to provide the necessary services required and lets the customer think that he or she is getting a great deal. So where does the internet help in all this? The internet simply stating, has become the tool that organizes and categorizes this vast information. into a form that is both intelligible to the client and that is able to provide the necessary information to the reader, without encroaching too much (Deimezi and Buhalis, 2003, np)

Tim Burton and art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tim Burton and art - Research Paper ExampleTim Burtons controversial pieces in a myriad of forms of art add flair to the debatable go down that the art culture continually gets attached to. It can thereby be correctly stated that making a contribution to the persistence in the way of manners in which Tim Burton does is a unique package that any other industry would warmly welcome.In this discourse, a view of the career that Tim Burton has had in art industry is made in order to highlight the importance that individual artists uniquely add to the entire culture. The uniqueness of this artist is particularly given the center-stage in a number of reviews for four different art pieces. Perhaps one striking contrast in the personality of this artist in the discussion is the current profession, though still in art, which is a complete shift from his earlier forms of art works. An introduction to the artists cultural environment during his career and his profile modify a critical analy sis on his works which ends in a conclusion on the general contribution to American culture in the screwing end of the discourse.Artists style of work is largely influenced by the prevailing environment due to the close relationship that art and culture or social meet of a race. It therefor implies that something can be picked from an artists work to depict the form of influential waves prevailing in form of culture that the people in the artists community had. Tim Burtons career commenced in the early 1980s during which fine art experienced many changes. Tim Burton was brought up at a time when the movie industry was hitting the market and he particularly had a taste for ikon works. Interestingly revelations on his early life confirm his liking for films where he made the influence contributed to his spirited input in making his first film in 1971 when only 13 days of age. Film making industry influence assisted in bringing out the artist skills in the artist by triggering int erest in film

French laundry ( marketing analysis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

French laundry ( grocerying analysis) - Essay ExampleWith the advent of the economic recession the sales of the eaterys have also been affected because of the rock-bottom number of the customers. The owner and chief chef Thomas Keller has framed a unique identity for the restaurant in United States of America. To understand the present state of the restaurant certain management tools were used and the analysis has been provided belowThe restaurant, French laundry has a strong market position. The name of the restaurant has become synonymous for rich people and exotic food which provides a memorable experience for the gourmets. Many people are of the opinion that French laundry restaurant is not just an eatery sort of its the place where they create significances for the life time (Fish, 2009). However after the financial recession in US, the restaurant is losing its market position.The restaurant has achieved its present market position by the combined effort of all its members, starting from the head chef to the person who serves the food. Each and e precise aspect is so well managed that every moment spend in the restaurant becomes an experience to be cherished (The French Laundry, 2007).The French laundry is awarded three stars the most coveted honour, in the restaurant industry. in that respect are however, many more restaurants in US which share the three star rating with French laundry and are its strong competitors. The economical downswing has reduced the threat from new entrants in US market, but competition among the existing restaurants have increased a lot (The New York Times-a, n.d.).The restaurant is very much concerned regarding its raw materials and takes care to ensure a smooth and effective Supply Chain. French Laundry subsidised the farmers so that they can fork over healthy off-season revenue. The restaurant prefers to use fresh fruits for the recipe and the left over fruits are used for making jams, cider vinegars, wine barrels etc. T he

3.Define foreign direct investment (FDI). Discuss and evaluate five Essay

3.Define foreign direct investment (FDI). Discuss and evaluate five different effects (positive and negative) that FDI can have on array clownish economies - Essay ExampleThis assignment will cover the definition and effects of foreign direct investment on the legions clownishs economy.Foreign direct investment refers to a form of investment, where a company from one country decides to make a physical investment in other country by putting up an industrial unit in another country. The direct investment in machinery, buildings and equipment contrasts a portfolio investment that is considered as reservation an indirect investment (Gregory 1997, p. 33). Currently, with the rapid growth and transformations in global investment patterns, the definition has widened to include the acquirement of a lasting management interest in an entity outside the investing companys home country. Going by this definition, therefore, Foreign Direct Investment may take various forms such as direct acq uisition of a foreign entity, building of a facility, or investing in a joint venture with a local firm.virtuoso of the principal effects of the foreign direct investment is diffusion of technology. A foreign direct investment encourages the entity seeking investment in the foreign country to use different technologies in the production process (Razin 2008, p. 64). The firm uses its own technology in buildings and the way of doing business. In so doing, people in the host country acquire new technologies and skills from the foreign entity, which they apply in the production process. Use of the acquired skills and technology in the production process assist the host country increase its productivity. Through the increment in production, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the host country is change magnitude considerably, which promotes economic growth (Moran 2005, p. 64).FDI provides the host country with increased physical stock. The increase in the physical stock increases the pr oductivity rate of the host country. This adds up to the countrys income. In addition, the FDI provides the host country with monetary resource for investment, which adds up to

Critical writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Critical writing - Essay Exampletion about the negative moves of a giving medication, that owned by the government will present the government in good light in spite of its negative actions. For example, during Hitlers rule in Germany, newspapers were used to spread propaganda in favor of the government even though the government committed several atrocities. Yet another factor that may lead to various interpretations of similar events is heathenish differences. Different cultures interpret different actions or words in different ways. Thus, newspapers owned or controlled by people of different cultures may present different views one and the same event.Students should be wary of bias when relying on newspapers to provide information. They should avoid relying on newspapers that present information in a biased way. Instead, they should rely on newspapers that are objective in their coverage. Critical thinking should be applied to establish whether or not a source is biased. This can be done by evaluating the tone used, the author, their affiliations and what they stand for, and the different points of view presented by the

Stretching Our Horizons Essay Example for Free

Stretching Our Horizons EssayComparing and contrasting Platos Allegory of the Cave with Paulo Freires Pedagogy of the Oppressed is a complex example of equivalence bananas with tangerines. It is hard to take in the mind of a spectacular philosopher. It is even harder to make that mind your own. For that reason the task of fully evaluating these twain pieces side by side may forever be a work in progress. Each essay contains three major points. These points discussed new and advised memoriseing methods, how hu globe cosmos is related to or with the world and the business that enlightened individuals have to mankind. The ideas of these two philosophers both mirror and oppose each other in varying degrees. through with(predicate) taking very different paths the two writers make their own points clear and demand rational and logical thought of their readers.Plato was a pupil of Socrates and though the composing of Allegory of the Cave is all his own the basis for his ideas came from none other than his own teacher. The teacher you see is one half of the great element in Platos epiphany. Socrates is in fact a master(prenominal) character in the conversation from which this excerpt is taken. It is s forethought that in this particular work, Plato described symbolically the predicament in which mankind finds itself and proposes a way of salvation (Plato 1). Throughout the conversation a system of ideas develops that are meant to teach the reader or readers about themselves, their world and how it should be viewed rather than a simple, inverted, non-involved outlook that is common to everyday pot. The purpose of this writing was to bring about enlightenment. To bring forth this enlightenment we must search for noesis according to Plato and this knowledge he refers to as light. Light brings the world into focus, so does knowledge and realization of ones place in the world. In Platos model, the teacher questions the actions or ideas of the student so th at the student will learn to think on their own.A person who quests knowledge for themselves and engages in thoughts other than those placed in their heads by some other individual will find that knowledge. The quest for knowledge is not only a right but also a duty and one that brings with it responsibility and dignity. Everyone has the ability to search for and find the light, or knowledge as we call it. Everyone also has the ability to attain thisknowledge. According to Socrates in this dialogue, living a invigoration with uncoiled knowledge and enlightenment is living a philosophical one. A life that casts a downward look onto one of politics is one of true philosophy and one of true philosophy. This life is the only one that degrades the grandeur of political ambition. Part of finding this light is becoming aware of the human descent with the world. Plato believed that most men see themselves as living in a narrow world.If the truth is told the world as they believe it is n ot a plastic film of reality. Therefore, the world exists and man is here in it, but does not truly under hold out what it really is for he does not knows even himself as a man. erstwhile a person has discovered himself, once he has discovered the light, it is his inborn duty to share this with the world. His purpose is now to buy the farm a writer of philosophy, to come a teacher in the school of thought. Despite the level on which a person decides to do these honorable deeds, it is not enough. It is the enlightened mans reason for being part of this great world that he has discovered.Pablo Freires ideas about man and educating are compiled in his Pedagogy of the Oppressed. He strongly suggests that for teaching to be the most trenchant it must be cognitive or revolutionary forum. The students should be pressed toward thinking on an individual level and this must be done in such a way that the teacher is not the source from which the knowledge comes. The instructor should be a means to obtain knowledge, a tool that is an aid rather than a necessity. Often times the teacher must become the student in the since of being open to new arguments and ideas that are introduced by the student. Freires conjecture also states that a person is not part of the world but the world is part of the person.He says that without mankind the world would not exist because in that respect would be no one to say that it was doing so. What a person is what becomes reality, it is the true world. Freire suggests that to be enlightened, one must be more humanistic. The more humanistic a person can become the more knowledge they have obtained and the more they can help the world. This is the most important element because since they are of such great knowledge it is their job to pass this onto the world so that everyone may become more enlightened and raise the level of our existence.As it may be seen the two writers have both theories in common and those completely at odds with o ne another. Plato says that to teach you must challenge that you must force, but Freire says that you must stand back and let the student come to personal and individual cognition. In this Freire argues a revolutionary teaching method, but does so in an essay that follows the tendency of narrative banking, while Plato rigidly portrays his methods in the way that his writing is developed and constructed. Both men see that man has a direct relationship with the world. Plato sees man as a part of the world, which must be brought into the light to see in reality. Freire on the other hand says that the individual is the world and that what he sees is what is real. The main area of agreement comes when both philosophers convey, it is the enlightened peoples place to carry on their knowledge to others. In one suggestion Plato uses his theory of philosophical lives being of a higher level than those of simple political ambition as an example of how to broaden the horizons of common place p eople by saying that enlightened people should be the ones in these political offices.From these offices they will be able to do more good than an unenlightened person will. They will be able to teach life and the value of it. Freire believes that an enlightened person must teach the very enlightenment and that the responsibility of extending this thought lies both on the student and the teacher. People cannot become great on their own, they must have educators, people to point them in the right direction. Their aid in seeking personal enlightenment could be anyone or anything and come from any of the various methods. The existence of the world is what we make it. Our duty is to ourselves and that entitles all that we believe both as individuals and as a group. While the reflect about whom is right or wrong will continue throughout time, one thing is for sure we must go on.

United States Money History Essay Example for Free

United States Money History EssayMoney is something societies have almost always had, whether it was in the form of trading, shells, or coins. Money is a silver of exchange, and exactly what is used as money doesnt satisfyingly matter, as long as the purchase order agrees that it has value. In the United States, money has typically been coins made from precious metals or makeup, all of which is backed by gold in the United States treasury. Around 1800 in the United States, the money system that is in place today was just opening to be formed. At the beginning of the 1800s, there was only one bank. By 1816, a plunk for bank had begun, and it was chartered for twenty years.At this time, both coins and paper money were already being issued. When the charter was up on the second bank, about 1600 state-chartered private banks came into existence, and also issued paper currency, which was relatively bare-ass still (Pfiester). The dollar was already the official US currency, tho ugh, which had been issued in the late 1700s (Factmonster). However, the paper money that the banks produced in the mid-1800s was not standardized. Banks issued their own variety of money, which resulted in over 30,000 different designs. Money was easily counterfeited, and there was confusion in what was real money and what was not.By the late 1800s, as the Civil War was gearing up, Congress was pressed into providing paper money via the US Treasury Department. These stayed in circulation until the 1970s. This new money was designed with anti-counterfeiting measures, including blue and red fibers embedded in the money and the treasury seal (Pfiester). Until 1853, silver was the United States metal of choice. The silver dollar was the base currency used. In 1853, the government replaced the silver dollar with the promise of gold. Dollar bills came out around this time, and other notes, with references to gold written on them (Davies).Until 1857, all immaterial coins were considered legal currency in the United States, as most were made of precious metals like gold or silver. In 1857, the government finally unflinching that it had built enough support for its own currency that it did not need to accept these forms anymore. At this point, coins were only used for smaller exchanges anyway (Davies). In the other(a) 1930s, most currency had references to gold written on it. Gold was always used to back up money, and could be used instead of money if batch owned some. A bank note, or dollar bill, was used as a promise that the government would pay.In fact, the phrase Secured By United States Certificates Of financial obligation Or One-Year Gold Notes, Deposited With The Treasurer Of The United States Of America was printed on it. Gold continued to be a reference on the money through the printing of the 1928 $100 Gold Certificate. In 1934, the government stopped mentioning gold on all of the money, and made it illegal to own gold as currency (Privateer Market L etter). 1929 saw a standardization in design which, in combination with other measures, helped reduce the counterfeit rate from 25% of currency in circulation to only 1%.In 1990, microprinting and a security thread were added to further combat counterfeiting (Pfeister). Colors were introduced into the money in the early 2000s, in addition to creating oversized pictures of presidents and placing them slightly off-center. Also, there was printing on the bills only visible under a microscope, then making it nearly impossible to counterfeit. Counterfeiting was a problem from the beginning of money, and as individuals got more sophisticated in their capabilities, Congress responded by issuing more measures against counterfeiting (Factmonster).Money has changed over the years, from being purely the trade of precious metals handled by private citizens or small local banks to being a nationally controlled system where bills and coins are backed by gold. The system developed out of necessit y, primarily, and is effective still today. Money continues to change as the government issues new bills, different types of bills, and works to phase out the dollar bill, among other changes. The U. S. money history clearly lead to todays money world.BibliographyDavies, Roy (2005). Money in North American History. Accessed December 17, 2006. Website http//www. ex. ac. uk/RDavies/arian/northamerica. html. U. S. Money History (2005). Fact Monster. Pearson Education, Inc. Accessed December 17, 2006. Website http//www. factmonster. com/ipka/A0774856. html. Pfiester, Ron (2001). History of US Paper Money. Rons Currency. Accessed December 17, 2006. Website http//www. ronscurrency. com/rhist. htm. A History of U. S. Paper Money (2001). The Privateer Market Letter. Accessed December 17, 2006. Website http//www. the-privateer. com/paper. html.

Theory of Title Essay Example for Free

Theory of Title EssayThe State of atomic number 18 was selected as the manakin state beca routine of its proximity to surrounding states of Tennessee, Mississippi, Missouri, and Okalahoma and the frequency in which privates change their residency between the surrounding States. The research examines the type of real estate enrapture opening practiced in the State of atomic number 18 by reviewing relevant fiber laws, owe practices and supplementary materials dealing with contract law and collection of rents.The literature tends to call down that argon does that postdate any particular quick temper possibleness and utilizes a combination of each of the three lien theories. The Outline I. Introduction II. worldwide definitions of three theories governing call transfer in joined States of America a. Title conjecture. b. Lien Theory c. Intermediate theory IIIGeneral set up of theories in practice a. Effects for the lender b. Effects for the borrower IV. Transfer of t itle in the State of atomic number 18 a. Prevalent theory apply in State of Arkansas b. Review of laws and regulation governing transfer of title in Arkansas .Throughout the United States the regularise of housing foreclosures or owe defaults continues to rise at an alarming rate. This rise in foreclosures and mortgage defaults in many instances drive out be attri moreovered to a weakening economy. Many individualists enticed by a strong economy freely entered agreements to leverage homes with little regard to the actual terms of their agreement. A picture of these individuals would usu everyy find young adults in a two to three person household, who finally maintained the opportunity to live the Ameri substructure dream and took full-of-the-moon advantage of that opportunity.For many of these individuals this whitethorn ask been their first home purchase or with decreasing pertain rates they believed they could finally afford to remodel their range home to be their dream home. These same individuals knew little about twists and turns of purchasing a home or mortgage finance laws. Many did non use lawyers and simply relied on the advice of the lenders, mortgage companies or real estate agents. Unfortunately, the economy failed to cooperate as those families with two person incomes dropped to virtuoso person incomes and those adjustable rate mortgages increased beyond household income.The end resolvent is a slow housing market with individuals actually losing their homes in drastic numbers or marketing their homes at reduced prices, which usually means a lost for the average home owner. It affects their ability to purchase a new home and decreases the amount of capital that will be available to local economies through the purchase of other consumer goods. Because our country has become so mobile, allowing individuals to move from place to place with ease, many individuals had no problem locating new areas in various states to call home.Examples of the favorable mobility concept are individuals living in the State of Tennessee who find it highly easy to purchase a home in Arkansas or Mississippi and maintain their jobs in Tennessee. In fact, with the growing pressure to leave the fast lifespan and crime often found in large Metropolitan areas, individuals jumped at the opportunity when confronted with advertisements from small suburbs or rural cities which boosted of the quiet fair life to fig out their families while only minutes away from the recreation, entertainment and lucrative employment opportunities of the Metropolitan cities.It was the dream of a life time that many simply could not fall down up. Understanding mortgage finance laws of the State an individual intend to purchase a home or rationality mortgage lending theories is extremely necessary and important to any individual relocating to another state or those who have lived in a state and purchase their first home. Unfortunately, most individuals desire to relocate assume and wrongly so, that the laws regarding mortgage finance are the same end-to-end the United States.They are unaware of the procedures or consequences involved in retaining their shoes should they become delinquent in their mortgage payments. When an individual moves from one state to another they subject themselves to the laws of the state in which they are doing business. However, in some states an individual may be able to specifically contract that the mortgage or contract may be governed by the laws of another state. This is seldom used for individual residential mortgages and used primarily in some commercial transactions that occur in another state.Mortgage laws in their new state may or may not be to their advantage and they should know the advantages and disadvantages before they decide on purchasing a home in their chosen state. This is similarly true for businesses financial institutions lending funds, and other entities crossing state lines to conduc t business in other states, i. e. , purchasing businesses or other property or obtaining addwords in other states to conduct business in the State of Tennessee.The general belief of the average individual is that once they purchase a home or obtain a mortgage, the title to the property is placed in the name of the borrower and that a lender simply obtains a lien on the property and nooky only foreclose on the property when and if the borrower is unable to make payments and then, and only when an action is filed in a court of law of law. This may or may not be true based on the laws and practices of the State in which the transaction originates.Thus, a review of the laws governing the state in which the individual intends to obtain its mortgage will prove extremely beneficial. However a greater benefit will be obtained if the home buyer seeks the services of a licensed lawyer or a home buyer counselor. This senior project has chosen the state of Arkansas to review its laws regardi ng the transfer of title in real property. Arkansas was selected because of its proximity to the State of Tennessee and Mississippi and the ease in which residents move their residency from one state to the other. Thesis Statement) Individuals entering into financial agreements to obtain funds to purchase real property should always know which of the three theories of real property transfer is practiced in the state in which they intend to obtain a mortgage. Literature Review The purpose of this senior project is to first review the three general theories governing real estate transfers as practiced throughout the United States, and how they potty affect the transfer of property from a lenders perspective and from a borrowers perspective.The project will also review the present term of mortgage lending and home buying throughout the United States and how the theories of title transfer has affected the present market. The project uses the State of Arkansas as the example state for its review and analysis. The project will explore and review how the laws in the State of Arkansas differ from other states in the United States and review the topics of such laws on individuals and businesses doing business within the State of Arkansas.Determining what theory is utilized within a particular state when obtaining a mortgage or transferring real property will prove extremely beneficial and alleviate serious problems for both the lender and borrower, should problems arise regarding ownership of the property, or in foreclosure proceeding. acute ones justs will assist the homebuyer in understanding what can happen to their property if they should become delinquent in their mortgage payments and allow them an opportunity to attempt to maintain their property or their equity interest should a foreclosure action be filed against them.The review will also examine how the failure of borrowers to understand property transfer theories can have a devastating affect on their ability to retain ownership of the property during a foreclosure action. Information released from Foreclosure Data online and posted on October 19th, 2007 indicate that the growing number of mortgage foreclosures has begun to affect more than just residential homeowners, in some residential blocks where ten to twelve homes in a twenty-five home block, have bank owned for deal signs on their lawns.The rising rate of foreclosures throughout the United States provide justification for the idea of borrowers fetching more responsibility in determining their rights and the potential consequences when entering mortgage contracts where ever they live. In order to understand what happens if default occurs residents must always be aware of the three basic theories practiced throughout the United States relating to transfer of title and then attempt to understand which theory is actually practiced in the state in which they desire to purchase real property.This is especially relevant as ma ny state fail to practice a single theory and combine several theories to develop a single procedure for dealing with property transfer in their state. For the most part title theory of a particular state is determine by deterrent example law, even in situations where states have adopted statues defining how title transfers will be conducted in their state. General Definitions of title transfer theories Following a broad adoption of English pure title theory by the American States, three theories of title have evolved.According to the Restatement Third of Property and (Mortgages), the evolution of title theory from the English common law has served to reduce the rights of the mortgage holder under the pure or pilot light title theory of England. The pure title theory worked a defeasible conveyance of the fee to the mortgagee, which obtained legal title, the right to will power, and the right to collect the rents and profits. (2) This evolution entangle the development to (a) less er title theory, (b) lien theory, and (c) intermediate theory. While the three theories are useful for comparisons, implementation of the theories is by no means standard.The practical effect of the theories has been minimized because in many jurisdictions the harshness of pure title theory has been removed by statue or by case law or in many instances the drafters of mortgages have learned to achieve the advantages of the alternative theories at the time the mortgage documents are prepared and signed. According to Sandy Gadow, an escrow expert, and a member of the American Land Title Association, in a title theory state, the borrower does not actually keep title to the property during the loan term.The seller gives the buyer/borrower a proceeding to the property but when the borrower signs the mortgage for the loan the borrower gives the title patronise to the mortgage holder. The lender then holds title to the property, as trade protection only, until all loan payments have bee n made. During that time the borrower has the right to acception of the property, and the lender delivers the deed back to the borrower only after the loan obligation has been satisfied. (3) In most states the instrument used is known as a trust deed. The lender actually maintains ownership of the property until the debt is paid in full.The process is quite different in a lien title state. The Restatement (third) of Property, section 4. 1 (1997) indicates that in a lien theory state, the buyer holds the deed to the property during the mortgage term. The buyer promises to make all payments to the lender and the mortgage becomes a lien on the property, but title remains with the buyer. The lenders lien is removed once the payments of all loan payments have been completed. (id 2) The two theories are similar in that they allow the borrower to actually possess the property but differ regarding actual ownership of the property.In a title theory state the borrower actually owns the prope rty with the lender retaining the deed only for security whereas in a lien theory the buyer retains the deed and the lender retains a lien on the property. The third theory, the Intermediate theory can be considered a compromise theory between the title theory and the lien theory. Again, according to Sandy Gadow, an escrow expert, and a member of the American land Title Association, the title remains with the borrower, but the lender may take back title to the property if the borrower defaults on the loan. (Id at 3).An Arkansas Law review article in 1992 examines the effects of conflict of laws, and indicates that in an intermediate jurisdiction the mortgage is a lien until default, as it would in a lien theory state. Upon default, legal title passes by operation of law to the mortgagee and with the title comes the right to self-will, rents and profits. (4) In her article, Sandy Gadow argues that Foreclosure proceedings in a lien theory state may be more difficult for the lender t han a title theory state, due to the fact that the buyer is holding title to the land and not the lender. ( Id at 3).The theory prevents the lender from entering onto the property and taking possession of the property at will. The lender is forced to take legal steps to regain ownership of the property. The theory actually gives the borrower more time before they are forced to give up the property, and they also can continue to maintain possession of the property and keep any rents collected as a result of their ownership until a legal foreclosure action is completed. Today, mortgagees rulearily profit from interest. Possession by the mortgagor is commonplace in title theory states, although some states slake hold that possession remains with the ortgagee as an incident of legal title. Another real estate treatise reports that title theory mortgagees can take possession of the owe property upon default and before foreclosure. (6) A borrower to a mortgage should always concern th emselves with which theory will give the greatest ownership interest in their property and allow them to retain interest in the property as long as possible. Any theory that immediately transfers the right to possession, fee simple ownership and any other legal rights from the borrower back to the lender are not in the best interest of the borrower.The literature thus far appears to suggest that a lien theory state would provide the better advantage to a borrower in that the borrower usually retains a right to ownership and possession until foreclosure is consummate(a) in a court of law. Many states within the United States adopt a lien theory when transferring property. However, like Arkansas, these same states do not apply a hard and fast rule on the use of a title transfer theory. However, most states can be grouped in one of the three title theory categories.In general throughout the United States, approximately of the fifty states only sixteen states follow a lien theory, wit h the stay thirty four (34) states being depict a title theory states. More specifically of the six states that share a boundary with the State of Arkansas, which include Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Tennessee, Mississippi and Louisiana, five of the six states are described as practicing a title theory in property transfers, and only one of those states, Louisiana is described as following the lien theory in title transfers.In Arkansas, in the case of vernacular of Oak Grove V. Wilmot State Bank, a case considered as an authority on Arkansas Mortgage law, the court refused to adopt a particular theory on the formalities of what the court termed the broad and shadowy a principle as lien versus title theories of mortgages. (5) In general Arkansas courts do not appear to have frequently discussed title theory since a search of Westlaw for title theory in Arkansas produces only Bank of Oak Grove v. Wilmot.However, several cases align themselves and follow the decision of the Bank of Oa k Grove case and its findings. Such cases cite the bank of Oak Grove case as an endorsement of title theory use in the State of Arkansas. Fully discerning the nature of Arkansas theory of title requires a discussion of whether a mortgage is merely a lien (lien theory) or whether it passes owner-type interest and powers to the mortgagee. A survey of Arkansas mortgage case law reveals two tracks of cases supporting different conclusions about whether a mortgage is only security for a debt.As early as 1856, equity held that a mortgage is only security for a debt. (7) By 1866, the Arkansas Supreme Court realised that now in both law and equity a mortgage is mere security for a debt, and removed the self-assertion that a mortgagee takes possess if there is no proof other wise. (8) Eighteen years after Trapnall, the court said that the legal estate in mortgaged property passes to the mortgagee and that possession follows the egal title the same was said 45 years after Trapnall in a 1911 case, Whittington v. Flint. (9) If it follows that legal title not only delivered possession but also delivered what a 1988 Arkansas Federal court interpreting Arkansas law called the incidents of possession (rents, profits and what appears as beneficial interests), Arkansas would have been a title theory state. The Arkansas Supreme Court has not overturned these cases, and the Arkansas Attorney General was citing the case as late as 1998. 10) later Wilson, the Arkansas Supreme Court held that in equity a mortgage is only a security interest, and that the mortgagor is entitled to deal with the land as its owner, entitled to rents and profits and alienation as long as he is in possession and he and takers under him do not impair the rights of the mortgagee. (11) The 1959 update of a key Arkansas mortgage title treatise follows that a mortgage is a mere security interest.The mortgagors were treated as owners in a 1980 case that characterized an absolute deed held for security purpos es as an honest mortgage, finding that the father who purchased the real estate was the mortgagee and holding that the divorcing son and daughter-in law must dispel the property. This inferred that the son and daughter-in-law were mortgagors and in effect owners of joint property. (13) The lack of clarity on some points suggests that mortgagors should not rely on the formalities of title theory in the State of Arkansas.Possession, Redemption and Rents as they relate to title transfer in Arkansas Better understanding Arkansas law requires discussions about possession, redemption and rents. The custom in Arkansas is that the mortgagor takes possession, but case law suggests that possession may be based on the terms of the agreement or interest rather than accruing automatically to the holder of legal title. More recent opinions mitigate towards possession being retained by the mortgagor.Similarly, the Arkansas Attorney General opined that the 1980 Nelson court took a common sense a pproach holding that the mortgagor retains a possessory interest that makes him at least the equitable owner. (14) This suggests a conclusion that possession can be devised by the contract language, which can grant immediate possession or possession upon default. Not withstanding the language, mortgagees are likely to intend that possession be in the mortgagor, and mortgagees are likely to want to avoid mortgagee in possession status and the duties that derive from it.To preserve its collateral, the mortgagee should include clauses providing for (1) appointment of a receiver and (2) right to enter and inspect. A power of sale clause may be advisable however, the Arkansas Code implies a power of sale in every mortgage of real property. (15) Arkansas does not follow title or lien theory or intermediate theory as the latter is described by secondary sources. Like title theory, the mortgagee appears to secure legal title. The more recent cases appear to treat the mortgagor as the owner as would be the case under lien theory.Arkansas appears to practice its own brand of intermediate theory in which the incidents of possession follow actual or constructive possession. Drafting may govern possession and rents in Arkansas law. The literature and case law indicates that the custom in Arkansas is that the mortgagor takes possession, but case law suggests that possession may be based on the terms of the agreement or intent rather than accruing automatically to the holder of legal title. In the case of Whittington (1884) and Wilson (1911 held that legal title passes to the mortgagee and with it possession, unless there is a reservation of the right to occupancy. Id 9) Trapnall held in 1866 that there is no presumption that the mortgagee takes possession. (Id. 8) Most recent opinions mitigate towards possession being retained by the mortgagor. The First Federal case address the incidents of possession, saying that in a garden variety mortgage, the borrower has retained al l of the incidents of possession including the right to rents, profits, and crops, and he may do with them as he pleases until the mortgagee takes possession, at which point these incidents pass to the mortgagee.Similarly, the Arkansas Attorney General opined that the 1980 Nelson court took a common sense approach holding that the mortgagor retains a possessory interest that makes him at least the equitable owner. (Id 14) Neither opinion states that the mortgagor and mortgagee can not agree otherwise. This suggests a conclusion that possession can be devised by the contract language, which can grant immediate possession or possession upon default.In comparing the cases, it may be helpful to note the references to the language of the agreements, and consider that the language of Arkansas mortgages has varied greatly. Whittington states that possession follows the legal title, unless controlled by stipulations in the deed, or by the apparent intention of the parties. (Id. 9) It is a n old case that may have succumbed to the presumption that Trapnall dismissed. American Jurisprudence publishes in its form book what it titles the Arkansas-Mortgage and the Arkansas-mortgage-Traditional form.The traditional form is more in the form of a sale agreement stating that mortgagee does grant, bargain, sell, and convey to mortgagee, and to its successors and assigns continuously the mortgaged property to have and to hold the same to mortgagee, and to its successors and assigns forever. It then provides the conditions under which the sale shall become null and void. (16) Notwithstanding the language, mortgagees are likely to intend that possession be in the mortgagor, and mortgagees are likely to want to avoid mortgagee in possession status and the duties that derive from it.It is evident that despite the rules and statues individuals seeking to obtain a mortgage will need to be mindful of what the law is and if they desire that something different needs to occur on any m atter, if the issue is addressed in the contract agreements and agreed to by both parties, the courts will upon the original intent of the parties entering the contract. Treatment of Rents in Mortgage transfer In understanding actual practice regarding ownership interests one must also review and discuss how rent is treated in the State of Arkansas.